This is a tour of different programming languages. 

http://www.mattjmorrison.com/2011/10/language-exploration-part-1.html

There are a bunch of things that you'll need to install to be able to
run everything, and you're pretty much on your own. Sorry.

Other Potential Languages:
ActionScript
assembly
bash
ColdFusion
Delphi
Eiffel
Fortran
Groovy
Lingo
Lisp
Logo
Object Pascal
Pascal
PL/1
Prolog
R
REXX
self
smalltalk