Exemple #1
1
func (r *DNSProvider) changeRecord(action, fqdn, value string, ttl int) error {
	// Find the zone for the given fqdn
	zone, err := acme.FindZoneByFqdn(fqdn, []string{r.nameserver})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Create RR
	rr := new(dns.TXT)
	rr.Hdr = dns.RR_Header{Name: fqdn, Rrtype: dns.TypeTXT, Class: dns.ClassINET, Ttl: uint32(ttl)}
	rr.Txt = []string{value}
	rrs := []dns.RR{rr}

	// Create dynamic update packet
	m := new(dns.Msg)
	m.SetUpdate(zone)
	switch action {
	case "INSERT":
		// Always remove old challenge left over from who knows what.
		m.RemoveRRset(rrs)
		m.Insert(rrs)
	case "REMOVE":
		m.Remove(rrs)
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("Unexpected action: %s", action)
	}

	// Setup client
	c := new(dns.Client)
	c.SingleInflight = true
	// TSIG authentication / msg signing
	if len(r.tsigKey) > 0 && len(r.tsigSecret) > 0 {
		m.SetTsig(dns.Fqdn(r.tsigKey), r.tsigAlgorithm, 300, time.Now().Unix())
		c.TsigSecret = map[string]string{dns.Fqdn(r.tsigKey): r.tsigSecret}
	}

	// Send the query
	reply, _, err := c.Exchange(m, r.nameserver)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("DNS update failed: %v", err)
	}
	if reply != nil && reply.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess {
		return fmt.Errorf("DNS update failed. Server replied: %s", dns.RcodeToString[reply.Rcode])
	}

	return nil
}
Exemple #2
0
// Dynamically remove a full set of RR records stored in DNS
func (s *Service) RemoveName(zone string, rr []dns.RR) error {
	m := new(dns.Msg)

	m.SetUpdate(zone)
	m.SetTsig(dns.Fqdn(s.Key), dns.HmacMD5, 300, time.Now().Unix())
	m.RemoveName(rr)

	h, err := s.ServerPort()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	c := new(dns.Client)
	c.TsigSecret = map[string]string{dns.Fqdn(s.Key): s.Secret}

	r, _, err := c.Exchange(m, h)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if r.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess {
		return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("invalid exchange answer"))
	}

	return nil
}
Exemple #3
0
func (r *RFC2136Provider) sendMessage(msg *dns.Msg) error {
	c := new(dns.Client)
	c.TsigSecret = map[string]string{r.tsigKeyName: r.tsigSecret}
	c.SingleInflight = true
	msg.SetTsig(r.tsigKeyName, dns.HmacMD5, 300, time.Now().Unix())
	resp, _, err := c.Exchange(msg, r.nameserver)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if resp != nil && resp.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess {
		return fmt.Errorf("Bad return code: %s", dns.RcodeToString[resp.Rcode])
	}

	return nil
}
Exemple #4
0
func (r *DNSProviderRFC2136) changeRecord(action, fqdn, value string, ttl int) error {
	// Create RR
	rr := new(dns.TXT)
	rr.Hdr = dns.RR_Header{Name: fqdn, Rrtype: dns.TypeTXT, Class: dns.ClassINET, Ttl: uint32(ttl)}
	rr.Txt = []string{value}
	rrs := make([]dns.RR, 1)
	rrs[0] = rr

	// Create dynamic update packet
	m := new(dns.Msg)
	m.SetUpdate(dns.Fqdn(r.zone))
	switch action {
	case "INSERT":
		m.Insert(rrs)
	case "REMOVE":
		m.Remove(rrs)
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("Unexpected action: %s", action)
	}

	// Setup client
	c := new(dns.Client)
	c.SingleInflight = true
	// TSIG authentication / msg signing
	if len(r.tsigKey) > 0 && len(r.tsigSecret) > 0 {
		m.SetTsig(dns.Fqdn(r.tsigKey), dns.HmacMD5, 300, time.Now().Unix())
		c.TsigSecret = map[string]string{dns.Fqdn(r.tsigKey): r.tsigSecret}
	}

	// Send the query
	reply, _, err := c.Exchange(m, r.nameserver)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("DNS update failed: %v", err)
	}
	if reply != nil && reply.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess {
		return fmt.Errorf("DNS update failed. Server replied: %s", dns.RcodeToString[reply.Rcode])
	}

	return nil
}
Exemple #5
0
func main() {
	short = flag.Bool("short", false, "abbreviate long DNSSEC records")
	dnssec := flag.Bool("dnssec", false, "request DNSSEC records")
	query := flag.Bool("question", false, "show question")
	check := flag.Bool("check", false, "check internal DNSSEC consistency")
	raw := flag.Bool("raw", false, "do not strip 'http://' from the qname")
	six := flag.Bool("6", false, "use IPv6 only")
	four := flag.Bool("4", false, "use IPv4 only")
	anchor := flag.String("anchor", "", "use the DNSKEY in this file for interal DNSSEC consistency")
	tsig := flag.String("tsig", "", "request tsig with key: [hmac:]name:key")
	port := flag.Int("port", 53, "port number to use")
	aa := flag.Bool("aa", false, "set AA flag in query")
	ad := flag.Bool("ad", false, "set AD flag in query")
	cd := flag.Bool("cd", false, "set CD flag in query")
	rd := flag.Bool("rd", true, "set RD flag in query")
	fallback := flag.Bool("fallback", false, "fallback to 4096 bytes bufsize and after that TCP")
	tcp := flag.Bool("tcp", false, "TCP mode")
	nsid := flag.Bool("nsid", false, "set edns nsid option")
	client := flag.String("client", "", "set edns client-subnet option")
	//serial := flag.Int("serial", 0, "perform an IXFR with this serial")
	flag.Usage = func() {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Usage: %s [options] [@server] [qtype] [qclass] [name ...]\n", os.Args[0])
		flag.PrintDefaults()
	}

	qtype := uint16(0)
	qclass := uint16(dns.ClassINET)
	var qname []string

	flag.Parse()
	if *anchor != "" {
		f, err := os.Open(*anchor)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failure to open %s: %s\n", *anchor, err.Error())
		}
		r, err := dns.ReadRR(f, *anchor)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failure to read an RR from %s: %s\n", *anchor, err.Error())
		}
		if k, ok := r.(*dns.DNSKEY); !ok {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "No DNSKEY read from %s\n", *anchor)
		} else {
			dnskey = k
		}
	}

	var nameserver string

Flags:
	for i := 0; i < flag.NArg(); i++ {
		// If it starts with @ it is a nameserver
		if flag.Arg(i)[0] == '@' {
			nameserver = flag.Arg(i)
			continue Flags
		}
		// First class, then type, to make ANY queries possible
		// And if it looks like type, it is a type
		if k, ok := dns.StringToType[strings.ToUpper(flag.Arg(i))]; ok {
			qtype = k
			continue Flags
		}
		// If it looks like a class, it is a class
		if k, ok := dns.StringToClass[strings.ToUpper(flag.Arg(i))]; ok {
			qclass = k
			continue Flags
		}
		// If it starts with TYPExxx it is unknown rr
		if strings.HasPrefix(flag.Arg(i), "TYPE") {
			i, e := strconv.Atoi(string([]byte(flag.Arg(i))[4:]))
			if e == nil {
				qtype = uint16(i)
				continue Flags
			}
		}

		// Anything else is a qname
		qname = append(qname, flag.Arg(i))
	}
	if len(qname) == 0 {
		qname = make([]string, 1)
		qname[0] = "."
		qtype = dns.TypeNS
	}
	if qtype == 0 {
		qtype = dns.TypeA
	}

	if len(nameserver) == 0 {
		conf, err := dns.ClientConfigFromFile("/etc/resolv.conf")
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
			os.Exit(2)
		}
		nameserver = "@" + conf.Servers[0]
	}

	nameserver = string([]byte(nameserver)[1:]) // chop off @
	// if the nameserver is from /etc/resolv.conf the [ and ] are already
	// added, thereby breaking net.ParseIP. Check for this and don't
	// fully qualify such a name
	if nameserver[0] == '[' && nameserver[len(nameserver)-1] == ']' {
		nameserver = nameserver[1 : len(nameserver)-1]
	}
	if i := net.ParseIP(nameserver); i != nil {
		nameserver = net.JoinHostPort(nameserver, strconv.Itoa(*port))
	} else {
		nameserver = dns.Fqdn(nameserver) + ":" + strconv.Itoa(*port)
	}
	c := new(dns.Client)
	if *tcp {
		c.Net = "tcp"
		if *four {
			c.Net = "tcp4"
		}
		if *six {
			c.Net = "tcp6"
		}
	} else {
		c.Net = "udp"
		if *four {
			c.Net = "udp4"
		}
		if *six {
			c.Net = "udp6"
		}
	}

	m := new(dns.Msg)
	m.MsgHdr.Authoritative = *aa
	m.MsgHdr.AuthenticatedData = *ad
	m.MsgHdr.CheckingDisabled = *cd
	m.MsgHdr.RecursionDesired = *rd
	m.Question = make([]dns.Question, 1)

	if *dnssec || *nsid || *client != "" {
		o := new(dns.OPT)
		o.Hdr.Name = "."
		o.Hdr.Rrtype = dns.TypeOPT
		if *dnssec {
			o.SetDo()
			o.SetUDPSize(dns.DefaultMsgSize)
		}
		if *nsid {
			e := new(dns.EDNS0_NSID)
			e.Code = dns.EDNS0NSID
			o.Option = append(o.Option, e)
			// NSD will not return nsid when the udp message size is too small
			o.SetUDPSize(dns.DefaultMsgSize)
		}
		if *client != "" {
			e := new(dns.EDNS0_SUBNET)
			e.Code = dns.EDNS0SUBNET
			e.SourceScope = 0
			e.Address = net.ParseIP(*client)
			if e.Address == nil {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failure to parse IP address: %s\n", *client)
				return
			}
			e.Family = 1 // IP4
			e.SourceNetmask = net.IPv4len * 8
			if e.Address.To4() == nil {
				e.Family = 2 // IP6
				e.SourceNetmask = net.IPv6len * 8
			}
			o.Option = append(o.Option, e)
		}
		m.Extra = append(m.Extra, o)
	}

	for _, v := range qname {
		if !*raw && strings.HasPrefix(v, "http://") {
			v = v[7:]
			if v[len(v)-1] == '/' {
				v = v[:len(v)-1]
			}
		}

		m.Question[0] = dns.Question{dns.Fqdn(v), qtype, qclass}
		m.Id = dns.Id()
		// Add tsig
		if *tsig != "" {
			if algo, name, secret, ok := tsigKeyParse(*tsig); ok {
				m.SetTsig(name, algo, 300, time.Now().Unix())
				c.TsigSecret = map[string]string{name: secret}
			} else {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "TSIG key data error\n")
				return
			}
		}
		if *query {
			fmt.Printf("%s", m.String())
			fmt.Printf("\n;; size: %d bytes\n\n", m.Len())
		}
		if qtype == dns.TypeAXFR {
			c.Net = "tcp"
			doXfr(c, m, nameserver)
			continue
		}
		if qtype == dns.TypeIXFR {
			doXfr(c, m, nameserver)
			continue
		}
		r, rtt, e := c.Exchange(m, nameserver)
	Redo:
		if e != nil {
			fmt.Printf(";; %s\n", e.Error())
			continue
		}
		if r.Id != m.Id {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Id mismatch\n")
			return
		}
		if r.MsgHdr.Truncated && *fallback {
			if c.Net != "tcp" {
				if !*dnssec {
					fmt.Printf(";; Truncated, trying %d bytes bufsize\n", dns.DefaultMsgSize)
					o := new(dns.OPT)
					o.Hdr.Name = "."
					o.Hdr.Rrtype = dns.TypeOPT
					o.SetUDPSize(dns.DefaultMsgSize)
					m.Extra = append(m.Extra, o)
					r, rtt, e = c.Exchange(m, nameserver)
					*dnssec = true
					goto Redo
				} else {
					// First EDNS, then TCP
					fmt.Printf(";; Truncated, trying TCP\n")
					c.Net = "tcp"
					r, rtt, e = c.Exchange(m, nameserver)
					goto Redo
				}
			}
		}
		if r.MsgHdr.Truncated && !*fallback {
			fmt.Printf(";; Truncated\n")
		}
		if *check {
			sigCheck(r, nameserver, *tcp)
		}
		if *short {
			r = shortMsg(r)
		}

		fmt.Printf("%v", r)
		fmt.Printf("\n;; query time: %.3d µs, server: %s(%s), size: %d bytes\n", rtt/1e3, nameserver, c.Net, r.Len())
	}
}
Exemple #6
0
func main() {
	short = flag.Bool("short", false, "abbreviate long DNSSEC records")
	dnssec := flag.Bool("dnssec", false, "request DNSSEC records")
	query := flag.Bool("question", false, "show question")
	check := flag.Bool("check", false, "check internal DNSSEC consistency")
	six := flag.Bool("6", false, "use IPv6 only")
	four := flag.Bool("4", false, "use IPv4 only")
	anchor := flag.String("anchor", "", "use the DNSKEY in this file as trust anchor")
	tsig := flag.String("tsig", "", "request tsig with key: [hmac:]name:key")
	port := flag.Int("port", 53, "port number to use")
	aa := flag.Bool("aa", false, "set AA flag in query")
	ad := flag.Bool("ad", false, "set AD flag in query")
	cd := flag.Bool("cd", false, "set CD flag in query")
	rd := flag.Bool("rd", true, "set RD flag in query")
	fallback := flag.Bool("fallback", false, "fallback to 4096 bytes bufsize and after that TCP")
	tcp := flag.Bool("tcp", false, "TCP mode, multiple queries are asked over the same connection")
	nsid := flag.Bool("nsid", false, "set edns nsid option")
	client := flag.String("client", "", "set edns client-subnet option")
	clientdraftcode := flag.Bool("clientdraft", false, "set edns client-subnet option using the draft option code")
	opcode := flag.String("opcode", "query", "set opcode to query|update|notify")
	rcode := flag.String("rcode", "success", "set rcode to noerror|formerr|nxdomain|servfail|...")
	//serial := flag.Int("serial", 0, "perform an IXFR with this serial")
	flag.Usage = func() {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Usage: %s [options] [@server] [qtype...] [qclass...] [name ...]\n", os.Args[0])
		flag.PrintDefaults()
	}

	var (
		qtype  []uint16
		qclass []uint16
		qname  []string
	)

	flag.Parse()
	if *anchor != "" {
		f, err := os.Open(*anchor)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failure to open %s: %s\n", *anchor, err.Error())
		}
		r, err := dns.ReadRR(f, *anchor)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failure to read an RR from %s: %s\n", *anchor, err.Error())
		}
		if k, ok := r.(*dns.DNSKEY); !ok {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "No DNSKEY read from %s\n", *anchor)
		} else {
			dnskey = k
		}
	}

	var nameserver string

Flags:
	for i := 0; i < flag.NArg(); i++ {
		// If it starts with @ it is a nameserver
		if flag.Arg(i)[0] == '@' {
			nameserver = flag.Arg(i)
			continue Flags
		}
		// First class, then type, to make ANY queries possible
		// And if it looks like type, it is a type
		if k, ok := dns.StringToType[strings.ToUpper(flag.Arg(i))]; ok {
			qtype = append(qtype, k)
			continue Flags
		}
		// If it looks like a class, it is a class
		if k, ok := dns.StringToClass[strings.ToUpper(flag.Arg(i))]; ok {
			qclass = append(qclass, k)
			continue Flags
		}
		// If it starts with TYPExxx it is unknown rr
		if strings.HasPrefix(flag.Arg(i), "TYPE") {
			i, e := strconv.Atoi(string([]byte(flag.Arg(i))[4:]))
			if e == nil {
				qtype = append(qtype, uint16(i))
				continue Flags
			}
		}
		// If it starts with CLASSxxx it is unknown class
		if strings.HasPrefix(flag.Arg(i), "CLASS") {
			i, e := strconv.Atoi(string([]byte(flag.Arg(i))[5:]))
			if e == nil {
				qclass = append(qclass, uint16(i))
				continue Flags
			}
		}
		// Anything else is a qname
		qname = append(qname, flag.Arg(i))
	}
	if len(qname) == 0 {
		qname = []string{"."}
		if len(qtype) == 0 {
			qtype = append(qtype, dns.TypeNS)
		}
	}
	if len(qtype) == 0 {
		qtype = append(qtype, dns.TypeA)
	}
	if len(qclass) == 0 {
		qclass = append(qclass, dns.ClassINET)
	}

	if len(nameserver) == 0 {
		conf, err := dns.ClientConfigFromFile("/etc/resolv.conf")
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
			os.Exit(2)
		}
		nameserver = "@" + conf.Servers[0]
	}

	nameserver = string([]byte(nameserver)[1:]) // chop off @
	// if the nameserver is from /etc/resolv.conf the [ and ] are already
	// added, thereby breaking net.ParseIP. Check for this and don't
	// fully qualify such a name
	if nameserver[0] == '[' && nameserver[len(nameserver)-1] == ']' {
		nameserver = nameserver[1 : len(nameserver)-1]
	}
	if i := net.ParseIP(nameserver); i != nil {
		nameserver = net.JoinHostPort(nameserver, strconv.Itoa(*port))
	} else {
		nameserver = dns.Fqdn(nameserver) + ":" + strconv.Itoa(*port)
	}
	c := new(dns.Client)
	t := new(dns.Transfer)
	c.Net = "udp"
	if *four {
		c.Net = "udp4"
	}
	if *six {
		c.Net = "udp6"
	}
	if *tcp {
		c.Net = "tcp"
		if *four {
			c.Net = "tcp4"
		}
		if *six {
			c.Net = "tcp6"
		}
	}

	m := new(dns.Msg)
	m.MsgHdr.Authoritative = *aa
	m.MsgHdr.AuthenticatedData = *ad
	m.MsgHdr.CheckingDisabled = *cd
	m.MsgHdr.RecursionDesired = *rd
	m.Question = make([]dns.Question, 1)
	m.Opcode = dns.OpcodeQuery
	if op, ok := dns.StringToOpcode[strings.ToUpper(*opcode)]; ok {
		m.Opcode = op
	}
	m.Rcode = dns.RcodeSuccess
	if rc, ok := dns.StringToRcode[strings.ToUpper(*rcode)]; ok {
		m.Rcode = rc
	}

	if *dnssec || *nsid || *client != "" {
		o := new(dns.OPT)
		o.Hdr.Name = "."
		o.Hdr.Rrtype = dns.TypeOPT
		if *dnssec {
			o.SetDo()
			o.SetUDPSize(dns.DefaultMsgSize)
		}
		if *nsid {
			e := new(dns.EDNS0_NSID)
			e.Code = dns.EDNS0NSID
			o.Option = append(o.Option, e)
			// NSD will not return nsid when the udp message size is too small
			o.SetUDPSize(dns.DefaultMsgSize)
		}
		if *client != "" {
			e := new(dns.EDNS0_SUBNET)
			e.Code = dns.EDNS0SUBNET
			if *clientdraftcode {
				e.DraftOption = true
			}
			e.SourceScope = 0
			e.Address = net.ParseIP(*client)
			if e.Address == nil {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failure to parse IP address: %s\n", *client)
				return
			}
			e.Family = 1 // IP4
			e.SourceNetmask = net.IPv4len * 8
			if e.Address.To4() == nil {
				e.Family = 2 // IP6
				e.SourceNetmask = net.IPv6len * 8
			}
			o.Option = append(o.Option, e)
		}
		m.Extra = append(m.Extra, o)
	}
	if *tcp {
		co := new(dns.Conn)
		tcp := "tcp"
		if *six {
			tcp = "tcp6"
		}
		var err error
		if co.Conn, err = net.DialTimeout(tcp, nameserver, 2*time.Second); err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Dialing "+nameserver+" failed: "+err.Error()+"\n")
			return
		}
		defer co.Close()
		qt := dns.TypeA
		qc := uint16(dns.ClassINET)
		for i, v := range qname {
			if i < len(qtype) {
				qt = qtype[i]
			}
			if i < len(qclass) {
				qc = qclass[i]
			}
			m.Question[0] = dns.Question{dns.Fqdn(v), qt, qc}
			m.Id = dns.Id()
			if *tsig != "" {
				if algo, name, secret, ok := tsigKeyParse(*tsig); ok {
					m.SetTsig(name, algo, 300, time.Now().Unix())
					c.TsigSecret = map[string]string{name: secret}
					t.TsigSecret = map[string]string{name: secret}
				} else {
					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, ";; TSIG key data error\n")
					continue
				}
			}
			co.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second))
			co.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second))

			if *query {
				fmt.Printf("%s", m.String())
				fmt.Printf("\n;; size: %d bytes\n\n", m.Len())
			}
			then := time.Now()
			if e := co.WriteMsg(m); e != nil {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, ";; %s\n", e.Error())
				continue
			}
			r, e := co.ReadMsg()
			if e != nil {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, ";; %s\n", e.Error())
				continue
			}
			rtt := time.Since(then)
			if r.Id != m.Id {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Id mismatch\n")
				continue
			}

			if *check {
				sigCheck(r, nameserver, true)
				denialCheck(r)
				fmt.Println()
			}
			if *short {
				r = shortMsg(r)
			}

			fmt.Printf("%v", r)
			fmt.Printf("\n;; query time: %.3d µs, server: %s(%s), size: %d bytes\n", rtt/1e3, nameserver, tcp, r.Len())
		}
		return
	}

	qt := dns.TypeA
	qc := uint16(dns.ClassINET)

Query:
	for i, v := range qname {
		if i < len(qtype) {
			qt = qtype[i]
		}
		if i < len(qclass) {
			qc = qclass[i]
		}
		m.Question[0] = dns.Question{dns.Fqdn(v), qt, qc}
		m.Id = dns.Id()
		if *tsig != "" {
			if algo, name, secret, ok := tsigKeyParse(*tsig); ok {
				m.SetTsig(name, algo, 300, time.Now().Unix())
				c.TsigSecret = map[string]string{name: secret}
				t.TsigSecret = map[string]string{name: secret}
			} else {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "TSIG key data error\n")
				continue
			}
		}
		if *query {
			fmt.Printf("%s", m.String())
			fmt.Printf("\n;; size: %d bytes\n\n", m.Len())
		}
		if qt == dns.TypeAXFR || qt == dns.TypeIXFR {
			env, err := t.In(m, nameserver)
			if err != nil {
				fmt.Printf(";; %s\n", err.Error())
				continue
			}
			envelope := 0
			record := 0
			for e := range env {
				if e.Error != nil {
					fmt.Printf(";; %s\n", e.Error.Error())
					continue Query
				}
				for _, r := range e.RR {
					fmt.Printf("%s\n", r)
				}
				record += len(e.RR)
				envelope++
			}
			fmt.Printf("\n;; xfr size: %d records (envelopes %d)\n", record, envelope)
			continue
		}
		r, rtt, e := c.Exchange(m, nameserver)
	Redo:
		if e != nil {
			fmt.Printf(";; %s\n", e.Error())
			continue
		}
		if r.Id != m.Id {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Id mismatch\n")
			return
		}
		if r.MsgHdr.Truncated && *fallback {
			if !*dnssec {
				fmt.Printf(";; Truncated, trying %d bytes bufsize\n", dns.DefaultMsgSize)
				o := new(dns.OPT)
				o.Hdr.Name = "."
				o.Hdr.Rrtype = dns.TypeOPT
				o.SetUDPSize(dns.DefaultMsgSize)
				m.Extra = append(m.Extra, o)
				r, rtt, e = c.Exchange(m, nameserver)
				*dnssec = true
				goto Redo
			} else {
				// First EDNS, then TCP
				fmt.Printf(";; Truncated, trying TCP\n")
				c.Net = "tcp"
				r, rtt, e = c.Exchange(m, nameserver)
				goto Redo
			}
		}
		if r.MsgHdr.Truncated && !*fallback {
			fmt.Printf(";; Truncated\n")
		}
		if *check {
			sigCheck(r, nameserver, *tcp)
			denialCheck(r)
			fmt.Println()
		}
		if *short {
			r = shortMsg(r)
		}

		fmt.Printf("%v", r)
		fmt.Printf("\n;; query time: %.3d µs, server: %s(%s), size: %d bytes\n", rtt/1e3, nameserver, c.Net, r.Len())
	}
}