// number = int_lit [ "p" int_lit ] . // func (p *parser) parseNumber() (typ *types.Basic, val exact.Value) { // mantissa mant := exact.MakeFromLiteral(p.parseInt(), token.INT) if mant == nil { panic("invalid mantissa") } if p.lit == "p" { // exponent (base 2) p.next() exp, err := strconv.ParseInt(p.parseInt(), 10, 0) if err != nil { p.error(err) } if exp < 0 { denom := exact.MakeInt64(1) denom = exact.Shift(denom, token.SHL, uint(-exp)) typ = types.Typ[types.UntypedFloat] val = exact.BinaryOp(mant, token.QUO, denom) return } if exp > 0 { mant = exact.Shift(mant, token.SHL, uint(exp)) } typ = types.Typ[types.UntypedFloat] val = mant return } typ = types.Typ[types.UntypedInt] val = mant return }
res := NewVar(token.NoPos, nil, "", Typ[String]) sig := &Signature{results: NewTuple(res)} err := NewFunc(token.NoPos, nil, "Error", sig) typ := &Named{underlying: NewInterface([]*Func{err}, nil).Complete()} sig.recv = NewVar(token.NoPos, nil, "", typ) def(NewTypeName(token.NoPos, nil, "error", typ)) } var predeclaredConsts = [...]struct { name string kind BasicKind val exact.Value }{ {"true", UntypedBool, exact.MakeBool(true)}, {"false", UntypedBool, exact.MakeBool(false)}, {"iota", UntypedInt, exact.MakeInt64(0)}, } func defPredeclaredConsts() { for _, c := range predeclaredConsts { def(NewConst(token.NoPos, nil, c.name, Typ[c.kind], c.val)) } } func defPredeclaredNil() { def(&Nil{object{name: "nil", typ: Typ[UntypedNil]}}) } // A builtinId is the id of a builtin function. type builtinId int
// collectObjects collects all file and package objects and inserts them // into their respective scopes. It also performs imports and associates // methods with receiver base type names. func (check *Checker) collectObjects() { pkg := check.pkg // pkgImports is the set of packages already imported by any package file seen // so far. Used to avoid duplicate entries in pkg.imports. Allocate and populate // it (pkg.imports may not be empty if we are checking test files incrementally). var pkgImports = make(map[*Package]bool) for _, imp := range pkg.imports { pkgImports[imp] = true } for fileNo, file := range check.files { // The package identifier denotes the current package, // but there is no corresponding package object. check.recordDef(file.Name, nil) fileScope := NewScope(check.pkg.scope, check.filename(fileNo)) check.recordScope(file, fileScope) for _, decl := range file.Decls { switch d := decl.(type) { case *ast.BadDecl: // ignore case *ast.GenDecl: var last *ast.ValueSpec // last ValueSpec with type or init exprs seen for iota, spec := range d.Specs { switch s := spec.(type) { case *ast.ImportSpec: // import package var imp *Package path, err := validatedImportPath(s.Path.Value) if err != nil { check.errorf(s.Path.Pos(), "invalid import path (%s)", err) continue } if path == "C" && check.conf.FakeImportC { // TODO(gri) shouldn't create a new one each time imp = NewPackage("C", "C") imp.fake = true } else if path == "unsafe" { // package "unsafe" is known to the language imp = Unsafe } else { if importer := check.conf.Importer; importer != nil { imp, err = importer.Import(path) if imp == nil && err == nil { err = fmt.Errorf("Config.Importer.Import(%s) returned nil but no error", path) } } else { err = fmt.Errorf("Config.Importer not installed") } if err != nil { check.errorf(s.Path.Pos(), "could not import %s (%s)", path, err) continue } } // add package to list of explicit imports // (this functionality is provided as a convenience // for clients; it is not needed for type-checking) if !pkgImports[imp] { pkgImports[imp] = true if imp != Unsafe { pkg.imports = append(pkg.imports, imp) } } // local name overrides imported package name name := imp.name if s.Name != nil { name = s.Name.Name if name == "init" { check.errorf(s.Name.Pos(), "cannot declare init - must be func") continue } } obj := NewPkgName(s.Pos(), pkg, name, imp) if s.Name != nil { // in a dot-import, the dot represents the package check.recordDef(s.Name, obj) } else { check.recordImplicit(s, obj) } // add import to file scope if name == "." { // merge imported scope with file scope for _, obj := range imp.scope.elems { // A package scope may contain non-exported objects, // do not import them! if obj.Exported() { // TODO(gri) When we import a package, we create // a new local package object. We should do the // same for each dot-imported object. That way // they can have correct position information. // (We must not modify their existing position // information because the same package - found // via Config.Packages - may be dot-imported in // another package!) check.declare(fileScope, nil, obj) check.recordImplicit(s, obj) } } // add position to set of dot-import positions for this file // (this is only needed for "imported but not used" errors) check.addUnusedDotImport(fileScope, imp, s.Pos()) } else { // declare imported package object in file scope check.declare(fileScope, nil, obj) } case *ast.ValueSpec: switch d.Tok { case token.CONST: // determine which initialization expressions to use switch { case s.Type != nil || len(s.Values) > 0: last = s case last == nil: last = new(ast.ValueSpec) // make sure last exists } // declare all constants for i, name := range s.Names { obj := NewConst(name.Pos(), pkg, name.Name, nil, exact.MakeInt64(int64(iota))) var init ast.Expr if i < len(last.Values) { init = last.Values[i] } d := &declInfo{file: fileScope, typ: last.Type, init: init} check.declarePkgObj(name, obj, d) } check.arityMatch(s, last) case token.VAR: lhs := make([]*Var, len(s.Names)) // If there's exactly one rhs initializer, use // the same declInfo d1 for all lhs variables // so that each lhs variable depends on the same // rhs initializer (n:1 var declaration). var d1 *declInfo if len(s.Values) == 1 { // The lhs elements are only set up after the for loop below, // but that's ok because declareVar only collects the declInfo // for a later phase. d1 = &declInfo{file: fileScope, lhs: lhs, typ: s.Type, init: s.Values[0]} } // declare all variables for i, name := range s.Names { obj := NewVar(name.Pos(), pkg, name.Name, nil) lhs[i] = obj d := d1 if d == nil { // individual assignments var init ast.Expr if i < len(s.Values) { init = s.Values[i] } d = &declInfo{file: fileScope, typ: s.Type, init: init} } check.declarePkgObj(name, obj, d) } check.arityMatch(s, nil) default: check.invalidAST(s.Pos(), "invalid token %s", d.Tok) } case *ast.TypeSpec: obj := NewTypeName(s.Name.Pos(), pkg, s.Name.Name, nil) check.declarePkgObj(s.Name, obj, &declInfo{file: fileScope, typ: s.Type}) default: check.invalidAST(s.Pos(), "unknown ast.Spec node %T", s) } } case *ast.FuncDecl: name := d.Name.Name obj := NewFunc(d.Name.Pos(), pkg, name, nil) if d.Recv == nil { // regular function if name == "init" { // don't declare init functions in the package scope - they are invisible obj.parent = pkg.scope check.recordDef(d.Name, obj) // init functions must have a body if d.Body == nil { check.softErrorf(obj.pos, "missing function body") } } else { check.declare(pkg.scope, d.Name, obj) } } else { // method check.recordDef(d.Name, obj) // Associate method with receiver base type name, if possible. // Ignore methods that have an invalid receiver, or a blank _ // receiver name. They will be type-checked later, with regular // functions. if list := d.Recv.List; len(list) > 0 { typ := list[0].Type if ptr, _ := typ.(*ast.StarExpr); ptr != nil { typ = ptr.X } if base, _ := typ.(*ast.Ident); base != nil && base.Name != "_" { check.assocMethod(base.Name, obj) } } } info := &declInfo{file: fileScope, fdecl: d} check.objMap[obj] = info obj.setOrder(uint32(len(check.objMap))) default: check.invalidAST(d.Pos(), "unknown ast.Decl node %T", d) } } } // verify that objects in package and file scopes have different names for _, scope := range check.pkg.scope.children /* file scopes */ { for _, obj := range scope.elems { if alt := pkg.scope.Lookup(obj.Name()); alt != nil { if pkg, ok := obj.(*PkgName); ok { check.errorf(alt.Pos(), "%s already declared through import of %s", alt.Name(), pkg.Imported()) check.reportAltDecl(pkg) } else { check.errorf(alt.Pos(), "%s already declared through dot-import of %s", alt.Name(), obj.Pkg()) // TODO(gri) dot-imported objects don't have a position; reportAltDecl won't print anything check.reportAltDecl(obj) } } } } }
// builtin type-checks a call to the built-in specified by id and // returns true if the call is valid, with *x holding the result; // but x.expr is not set. If the call is invalid, the result is // false, and *x is undefined. // func (check *Checker) builtin(x *operand, call *ast.CallExpr, id builtinId) (_ bool) { // append is the only built-in that permits the use of ... for the last argument bin := predeclaredFuncs[id] if call.Ellipsis.IsValid() && id != _Append { check.invalidOp(call.Ellipsis, "invalid use of ... with built-in %s", bin.name) check.use(call.Args...) return } // For len(x) and cap(x) we need to know if x contains any function calls or // receive operations. Save/restore current setting and set hasCallOrRecv to // false for the evaluation of x so that we can check it afterwards. // Note: We must do this _before_ calling unpack because unpack evaluates the // first argument before we even call arg(x, 0)! if id == _Len || id == _Cap { defer func(b bool) { check.hasCallOrRecv = b }(check.hasCallOrRecv) check.hasCallOrRecv = false } // determine actual arguments var arg getter nargs := len(call.Args) switch id { default: // make argument getter arg, nargs, _ = unpack(func(x *operand, i int) { check.expr(x, call.Args[i]) }, nargs, false) if arg == nil { return } // evaluate first argument, if present if nargs > 0 { arg(x, 0) if x.mode == invalid { return } } case _Make, _New, _Offsetof, _Trace: // arguments require special handling } // check argument count { msg := "" if nargs < bin.nargs { msg = "not enough" } else if !bin.variadic && nargs > bin.nargs { msg = "too many" } if msg != "" { check.invalidOp(call.Rparen, "%s arguments for %s (expected %d, found %d)", msg, call, bin.nargs, nargs) return } } switch id { case _Append: // append(s S, x ...T) S, where T is the element type of S // spec: "The variadic function append appends zero or more values x to s of type // S, which must be a slice type, and returns the resulting slice, also of type S. // The values x are passed to a parameter of type ...T where T is the element type // of S and the respective parameter passing rules apply." S := x.typ var T Type if s, _ := S.Underlying().(*Slice); s != nil { T = s.elem } else { check.invalidArg(x.pos(), "%s is not a slice", x) return } // remember arguments that have been evaluated already alist := []operand{*x} // spec: "As a special case, append also accepts a first argument assignable // to type []byte with a second argument of string type followed by ... . // This form appends the bytes of the string. if nargs == 2 && call.Ellipsis.IsValid() && x.assignableTo(check.conf, NewSlice(UniverseByte)) { arg(x, 1) if x.mode == invalid { return } if isString(x.typ) { if check.Types != nil { sig := makeSig(S, S, x.typ) sig.variadic = true check.recordBuiltinType(call.Fun, sig) } x.mode = value x.typ = S break } alist = append(alist, *x) // fallthrough } // check general case by creating custom signature sig := makeSig(S, S, NewSlice(T)) // []T required for variadic signature sig.variadic = true check.arguments(x, call, sig, func(x *operand, i int) { // only evaluate arguments that have not been evaluated before if i < len(alist) { *x = alist[i] return } arg(x, i) }, nargs) // ok to continue even if check.arguments reported errors x.mode = value x.typ = S if check.Types != nil { check.recordBuiltinType(call.Fun, sig) } case _Cap, _Len: // cap(x) // len(x) mode := invalid var typ Type var val exact.Value switch typ = implicitArrayDeref(x.typ.Underlying()); t := typ.(type) { case *Basic: if isString(t) && id == _Len { if x.mode == constant { mode = constant val = exact.MakeInt64(int64(len(exact.StringVal(x.val)))) } else { mode = value } } case *Array: mode = value // spec: "The expressions len(s) and cap(s) are constants // if the type of s is an array or pointer to an array and // the expression s does not contain channel receives or // function calls; in this case s is not evaluated." if !check.hasCallOrRecv { mode = constant val = exact.MakeInt64(t.len) } case *Slice, *Chan: mode = value case *Map: if id == _Len { mode = value } } if mode == invalid { check.invalidArg(x.pos(), "%s for %s", x, bin.name) return } x.mode = mode x.typ = Typ[Int] x.val = val if check.Types != nil && mode != constant { check.recordBuiltinType(call.Fun, makeSig(x.typ, typ)) } case _Close: // close(c) c, _ := x.typ.Underlying().(*Chan) if c == nil { check.invalidArg(x.pos(), "%s is not a channel", x) return } if c.dir == RecvOnly { check.invalidArg(x.pos(), "%s must not be a receive-only channel", x) return } x.mode = novalue if check.Types != nil { check.recordBuiltinType(call.Fun, makeSig(nil, c)) } case _Complex: // complex(x, y realT) complexT if !check.complexArg(x) { return } var y operand arg(&y, 1) if y.mode == invalid { return } if !check.complexArg(&y) { return } check.convertUntyped(x, y.typ) if x.mode == invalid { return } check.convertUntyped(&y, x.typ) if y.mode == invalid { return } if !Identical(x.typ, y.typ) { check.invalidArg(x.pos(), "mismatched types %s and %s", x.typ, y.typ) return } if x.mode == constant && y.mode == constant { x.val = exact.BinaryOp(x.val, token.ADD, exact.MakeImag(y.val)) } else { x.mode = value } realT := x.typ complexT := Typ[Invalid] switch realT.Underlying().(*Basic).kind { case Float32: complexT = Typ[Complex64] case Float64: complexT = Typ[Complex128] case UntypedInt, UntypedRune, UntypedFloat: if x.mode == constant { realT = defaultType(realT).(*Basic) complexT = Typ[UntypedComplex] } else { // untyped but not constant; probably because one // operand is a non-constant shift of untyped lhs realT = Typ[Float64] complexT = Typ[Complex128] } default: check.invalidArg(x.pos(), "float32 or float64 arguments expected") return } x.typ = complexT if check.Types != nil && x.mode != constant { check.recordBuiltinType(call.Fun, makeSig(complexT, realT, realT)) } if x.mode != constant { // The arguments have now their final types, which at run- // time will be materialized. Update the expression trees. // If the current types are untyped, the materialized type // is the respective default type. // (If the result is constant, the arguments are never // materialized and there is nothing to do.) check.updateExprType(x.expr, realT, true) check.updateExprType(y.expr, realT, true) } case _Copy: // copy(x, y []T) int var dst Type if t, _ := x.typ.Underlying().(*Slice); t != nil { dst = t.elem } var y operand arg(&y, 1) if y.mode == invalid { return } var src Type switch t := y.typ.Underlying().(type) { case *Basic: if isString(y.typ) { src = UniverseByte } case *Slice: src = t.elem } if dst == nil || src == nil { check.invalidArg(x.pos(), "copy expects slice arguments; found %s and %s", x, &y) return } if !Identical(dst, src) { check.invalidArg(x.pos(), "arguments to copy %s and %s have different element types %s and %s", x, &y, dst, src) return } if check.Types != nil { check.recordBuiltinType(call.Fun, makeSig(Typ[Int], x.typ, y.typ)) } x.mode = value x.typ = Typ[Int] case _Delete: // delete(m, k) m, _ := x.typ.Underlying().(*Map) if m == nil { check.invalidArg(x.pos(), "%s is not a map", x) return } arg(x, 1) // k if x.mode == invalid { return } if !x.assignableTo(check.conf, m.key) { check.invalidArg(x.pos(), "%s is not assignable to %s", x, m.key) return } x.mode = novalue if check.Types != nil { check.recordBuiltinType(call.Fun, makeSig(nil, m, m.key)) } case _Imag, _Real: // imag(complexT) realT // real(complexT) realT if !isComplex(x.typ) { check.invalidArg(x.pos(), "%s must be a complex number", x) return } if x.mode == constant { if id == _Real { x.val = exact.Real(x.val) } else { x.val = exact.Imag(x.val) } } else { x.mode = value } var k BasicKind switch x.typ.Underlying().(*Basic).kind { case Complex64: k = Float32 case Complex128: k = Float64 case UntypedComplex: k = UntypedFloat default: unreachable() } if check.Types != nil && x.mode != constant { check.recordBuiltinType(call.Fun, makeSig(Typ[k], x.typ)) } x.typ = Typ[k] case _Make: // make(T, n) // make(T, n, m) // (no argument evaluated yet) arg0 := call.Args[0] T := check.typ(arg0) if T == Typ[Invalid] { return } var min int // minimum number of arguments switch T.Underlying().(type) { case *Slice: min = 2 case *Map, *Chan: min = 1 default: check.invalidArg(arg0.Pos(), "cannot make %s; type must be slice, map, or channel", arg0) return } if nargs < min || min+1 < nargs { check.errorf(call.Pos(), "%s expects %d or %d arguments; found %d", call, min, min+1, nargs) return } var sizes []int64 // constant integer arguments, if any for _, arg := range call.Args[1:] { if s, ok := check.index(arg, -1); ok && s >= 0 { sizes = append(sizes, s) } } if len(sizes) == 2 && sizes[0] > sizes[1] { check.invalidArg(call.Args[1].Pos(), "length and capacity swapped") // safe to continue } x.mode = value x.typ = T if check.Types != nil { params := [...]Type{T, Typ[Int], Typ[Int]} check.recordBuiltinType(call.Fun, makeSig(x.typ, params[:1+len(sizes)]...)) } case _New: // new(T) // (no argument evaluated yet) T := check.typ(call.Args[0]) if T == Typ[Invalid] { return } x.mode = value x.typ = &Pointer{base: T} if check.Types != nil { check.recordBuiltinType(call.Fun, makeSig(x.typ, T)) } case _Panic: // panic(x) T := new(Interface) if !check.assignment(x, T) { assert(x.mode == invalid) return } x.mode = novalue if check.Types != nil { check.recordBuiltinType(call.Fun, makeSig(nil, T)) } case _Print, _Println: // print(x, y, ...) // println(x, y, ...) var params []Type if nargs > 0 { params = make([]Type, nargs) for i := 0; i < nargs; i++ { if i > 0 { arg(x, i) // first argument already evaluated } if !check.assignment(x, nil) { assert(x.mode == invalid) return } params[i] = x.typ } } x.mode = novalue if check.Types != nil { check.recordBuiltinType(call.Fun, makeSig(nil, params...)) } case _Recover: // recover() interface{} x.mode = value x.typ = new(Interface) if check.Types != nil { check.recordBuiltinType(call.Fun, makeSig(x.typ)) } case _Alignof: // unsafe.Alignof(x T) uintptr if !check.assignment(x, nil) { assert(x.mode == invalid) return } x.mode = constant x.val = exact.MakeInt64(check.conf.alignof(x.typ)) x.typ = Typ[Uintptr] // result is constant - no need to record signature case _Offsetof: // unsafe.Offsetof(x T) uintptr, where x must be a selector // (no argument evaluated yet) arg0 := call.Args[0] selx, _ := unparen(arg0).(*ast.SelectorExpr) if selx == nil { check.invalidArg(arg0.Pos(), "%s is not a selector expression", arg0) check.use(arg0) return } check.expr(x, selx.X) if x.mode == invalid { return } base := derefStructPtr(x.typ) sel := selx.Sel.Name obj, index, indirect := LookupFieldOrMethod(base, false, check.pkg, sel) switch obj.(type) { case nil: check.invalidArg(x.pos(), "%s has no single field %s", base, sel) return case *Func: // TODO(gri) Using derefStructPtr may result in methods being found // that don't actually exist. An error either way, but the error // message is confusing. See: http://play.golang.org/p/al75v23kUy , // but go/types reports: "invalid argument: x.m is a method value". check.invalidArg(arg0.Pos(), "%s is a method value", arg0) return } if indirect { check.invalidArg(x.pos(), "field %s is embedded via a pointer in %s", sel, base) return } // TODO(gri) Should we pass x.typ instead of base (and indirect report if derefStructPtr indirected)? check.recordSelection(selx, FieldVal, base, obj, index, false) offs := check.conf.offsetof(base, index) x.mode = constant x.val = exact.MakeInt64(offs) x.typ = Typ[Uintptr] // result is constant - no need to record signature case _Sizeof: // unsafe.Sizeof(x T) uintptr if !check.assignment(x, nil) { assert(x.mode == invalid) return } x.mode = constant x.val = exact.MakeInt64(check.conf.sizeof(x.typ)) x.typ = Typ[Uintptr] // result is constant - no need to record signature case _Assert: // assert(pred) causes a typechecker error if pred is false. // The result of assert is the value of pred if there is no error. // Note: assert is only available in self-test mode. if x.mode != constant || !isBoolean(x.typ) { check.invalidArg(x.pos(), "%s is not a boolean constant", x) return } if x.val.Kind() != exact.Bool { check.errorf(x.pos(), "internal error: value of %s should be a boolean constant", x) return } if !exact.BoolVal(x.val) { check.errorf(call.Pos(), "%s failed", call) // compile-time assertion failure - safe to continue } // result is constant - no need to record signature case _Trace: // trace(x, y, z, ...) dumps the positions, expressions, and // values of its arguments. The result of trace is the value // of the first argument. // Note: trace is only available in self-test mode. // (no argument evaluated yet) if nargs == 0 { check.dump("%s: trace() without arguments", call.Pos()) x.mode = novalue break } var t operand x1 := x for _, arg := range call.Args { check.rawExpr(x1, arg, nil) // permit trace for types, e.g.: new(trace(T)) check.dump("%s: %s", x1.pos(), x1) x1 = &t // use incoming x only for first argument } // trace is only available in test mode - no need to record signature default: unreachable() } return true }
func (check *Checker) declStmt(decl ast.Decl) { pkg := check.pkg switch d := decl.(type) { case *ast.BadDecl: // ignore case *ast.GenDecl: var last *ast.ValueSpec // last ValueSpec with type or init exprs seen for iota, spec := range d.Specs { switch s := spec.(type) { case *ast.ValueSpec: switch d.Tok { case token.CONST: // determine which init exprs to use switch { case s.Type != nil || len(s.Values) > 0: last = s case last == nil: last = new(ast.ValueSpec) // make sure last exists } // declare all constants lhs := make([]*Const, len(s.Names)) for i, name := range s.Names { obj := NewConst(name.Pos(), pkg, name.Name, nil, exact.MakeInt64(int64(iota))) lhs[i] = obj var init ast.Expr if i < len(last.Values) { init = last.Values[i] } check.constDecl(obj, last.Type, init) } check.arityMatch(s, last) for i, name := range s.Names { check.declare(check.scope, name, lhs[i]) } case token.VAR: lhs0 := make([]*Var, len(s.Names)) for i, name := range s.Names { lhs0[i] = NewVar(name.Pos(), pkg, name.Name, nil) } // initialize all variables for i, obj := range lhs0 { var lhs []*Var var init ast.Expr switch len(s.Values) { case len(s.Names): // lhs and rhs match init = s.Values[i] case 1: // rhs is expected to be a multi-valued expression lhs = lhs0 init = s.Values[0] default: if i < len(s.Values) { init = s.Values[i] } } check.varDecl(obj, lhs, s.Type, init) if len(s.Values) == 1 { // If we have a single lhs variable we are done either way. // If we have a single rhs expression, it must be a multi- // valued expression, in which case handling the first lhs // variable will cause all lhs variables to have a type // assigned, and we are done as well. if debug { for _, obj := range lhs0 { assert(obj.typ != nil) } } break } } check.arityMatch(s, nil) // declare all variables // (only at this point are the variable scopes (parents) set) for i, name := range s.Names { check.declare(check.scope, name, lhs0[i]) } default: check.invalidAST(s.Pos(), "invalid token %s", d.Tok) } case *ast.TypeSpec: obj := NewTypeName(s.Name.Pos(), pkg, s.Name.Name, nil) check.declare(check.scope, s.Name, obj) check.typeDecl(obj, s.Type, nil, nil) default: check.invalidAST(s.Pos(), "const, type, or var declaration expected") } } default: check.invalidAST(d.Pos(), "unknown ast.Decl node %T", d) } }