// Process processes the state changes according to the Expanse rules by running
// the transaction messages using the statedb and applying any rewards to both
// the processor (coinbase) and any included uncles.
//
// Process returns the receipts and logs accumulated during the process and
// returns the amount of gas that was used in the process. If any of the
// transactions failed to execute due to insufficient gas it will return an error.
func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config) (types.Receipts, vm.Logs, *big.Int, error) {
var (
receipts types.Receipts
totalUsedGas = big.NewInt(0)
err error
header = block.Header()
allLogs vm.Logs
gp = new(GasPool).AddGas(block.GasLimit())
)
// Mutate the the block and state according to any hard-fork specs
if p.config.DAOForkSupport && p.config.DAOForkBlock != nil && p.config.DAOForkBlock.Cmp(block.Number()) == 0 {
ApplyDAOHardFork(statedb)
}
// Iterate over and process the individual transactions
for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
statedb.StartRecord(tx.Hash(), block.Hash(), i)
receipt, logs, _, err := ApplyTransaction(p.config, p.bc, gp, statedb, header, tx, totalUsedGas, cfg)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, totalUsedGas, err
}
receipts = append(receipts, receipt)
allLogs = append(allLogs, logs...)
}
AccumulateRewards(statedb, header, block.Uncles())
return receipts, allLogs, totalUsedGas, err
}
func (self *BlockProcessor) ApplyTransactions(gp GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, block *types.Block, txs types.Transactions, transientProcess bool) (types.Receipts, error) {
var (
receipts types.Receipts
totalUsedGas = big.NewInt(0)
err error
cumulativeSum = new(big.Int)
header = block.Header()
)
for i, tx := range txs {
statedb.StartRecord(tx.Hash(), block.Hash(), i)
receipt, txGas, err := self.ApplyTransaction(gp, statedb, header, tx, totalUsedGas, transientProcess)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if err != nil {
glog.V(logger.Core).Infoln("TX err:", err)
}
receipts = append(receipts, receipt)
cumulativeSum.Add(cumulativeSum, new(big.Int).Mul(txGas, tx.GasPrice()))
}
if block.GasUsed().Cmp(totalUsedGas) != 0 {
return nil, ValidationError(fmt.Sprintf("gas used error (%v / %v)", block.GasUsed(), totalUsedGas))
}
if transientProcess {
go self.eventMux.Post(PendingBlockEvent{block, statedb.Logs()})
}
return receipts, err
}
func (sm *BlockProcessor) TransitionState(statedb *state.StateDB, parent, block *types.Block, transientProcess bool) (receipts types.Receipts, err error) {
gp := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(block.Coinbase())
gp.SetGasLimit(block.GasLimit())
// Process the transactions on to parent state
receipts, err = sm.ApplyTransactions(gp, statedb, block, block.Transactions(), transientProcess)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return receipts, nil
}
// ApplyDAOHardFork modifies the state database according to the DAO hard-fork
// rules, transferring all balances of a set of DAO accounts to a single refund
// contract.
func ApplyDAOHardFork(statedb *state.StateDB) {
// Retrieve the contract to refund balances into
refund := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(params.DAORefundContract)
// Move every DAO account and extra-balance account funds into the refund contract
for _, addr := range params.DAODrainList {
if account := statedb.GetStateObject(addr); account != nil {
refund.AddBalance(account.Balance())
account.SetBalance(new(big.Int))
}
}
}
func insertAccount(state *state.StateDB, saddr string, account Account) {
if common.IsHex(account.Code) {
account.Code = account.Code[2:]
}
addr := common.HexToAddress(saddr)
state.SetCode(addr, common.Hex2Bytes(account.Code))
state.SetNonce(addr, common.Big(account.Nonce).Uint64())
state.SetBalance(addr, common.Big(account.Balance))
for a, v := range account.Storage {
state.SetState(addr, common.HexToHash(a), common.HexToHash(v))
}
}
func RunState(statedb *state.StateDB, env, tx map[string]string) ([]byte, state.Logs, *big.Int, error) {
var (
data = common.FromHex(tx["data"])
gas = common.Big(tx["gasLimit"])
price = common.Big(tx["gasPrice"])
value = common.Big(tx["value"])
nonce = common.Big(tx["nonce"]).Uint64()
caddr = common.HexToAddress(env["currentCoinbase"])
)
var to *common.Address
if len(tx["to"]) > 2 {
t := common.HexToAddress(tx["to"])
to = &t
}
// Set pre compiled contracts
vm.Precompiled = vm.PrecompiledContracts()
snapshot := statedb.Copy()
coinbase := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(caddr)
coinbase.SetGasLimit(common.Big(env["currentGasLimit"]))
key, _ := hex.DecodeString(tx["secretKey"])
addr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(crypto.ToECDSA(key).PublicKey)
message := NewMessage(addr, to, data, value, gas, price, nonce)
vmenv := NewEnvFromMap(statedb, env, tx)
vmenv.origin = addr
ret, _, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, message, coinbase)
if core.IsNonceErr(err) || core.IsInvalidTxErr(err) || state.IsGasLimitErr(err) {
statedb.Set(snapshot)
}
statedb.SyncObjects()
return ret, vmenv.state.Logs(), vmenv.Gas, err
}
// AccumulateRewards credits the coinbase of the given block with the
// mining reward. The total reward consists of the static block reward
// and rewards for included uncles. The coinbase of each uncle block is
// also rewarded.
func AccumulateRewards(statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, uncles []*types.Header) {
reward := new(big.Int).Set(BlockReward)
r := new(big.Int)
for _, uncle := range uncles {
r.Add(uncle.Number, big8)
r.Sub(r, header.Number)
r.Mul(r, BlockReward)
r.Div(r, big8)
statedb.AddBalance(uncle.Coinbase, r)
r.Div(BlockReward, big32)
reward.Add(reward, r)
}
statedb.AddBalance(header.Coinbase, reward)
}
func (self *BlockProcessor) ApplyTransaction(gp GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *big.Int, transientProcess bool) (*types.Receipt, *big.Int, error) {
_, gas, err := ApplyMessage(NewEnv(statedb, self.bc, tx, header), tx, gp)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
// Update the state with pending changes
statedb.SyncIntermediate()
usedGas.Add(usedGas, gas)
receipt := types.NewReceipt(statedb.Root().Bytes(), usedGas)
receipt.TxHash = tx.Hash()
receipt.GasUsed = new(big.Int).Set(gas)
if MessageCreatesContract(tx) {
from, _ := tx.From()
receipt.ContractAddress = crypto.CreateAddress(from, tx.Nonce())
}
logs := statedb.GetLogs(tx.Hash())
receipt.SetLogs(logs)
receipt.Bloom = types.CreateBloom(types.Receipts{receipt})
glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln(receipt)
// Notify all subscribers
if !transientProcess {
go self.eventMux.Post(TxPostEvent{tx})
go self.eventMux.Post(logs)
}
return receipt, gas, err
}
// ValidateState validates the various changes that happen after a state
// transition, such as amount of used gas, the receipt roots and the state root
// itself. ValidateState returns a database batch if the validation was a succes
// otherwise nil and an error is returned.
func (v *BlockValidator) ValidateState(block, parent *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, receipts types.Receipts, usedGas *big.Int) (err error) {
header := block.Header()
if block.GasUsed().Cmp(usedGas) != 0 {
return ValidationError(fmt.Sprintf("gas used error (%v / %v)", block.GasUsed(), usedGas))
}
// Validate the received block's bloom with the one derived from the generated receipts.
// For valid blocks this should always validate to true.
rbloom := types.CreateBloom(receipts)
if rbloom != header.Bloom {
return fmt.Errorf("unable to replicate block's bloom=%x", rbloom)
}
// Tre receipt Trie's root (R = (Tr [[H1, R1], ... [Hn, R1]]))
receiptSha := types.DeriveSha(receipts)
if receiptSha != header.ReceiptHash {
return fmt.Errorf("invalid receipt root hash. received=%x calculated=%x", header.ReceiptHash, receiptSha)
}
// Validate the state root against the received state root and throw
// an error if they don't match.
if root := statedb.IntermediateRoot(); header.Root != root {
return fmt.Errorf("invalid merkle root: header=%x computed=%x", header.Root, root)
}
return nil
}
// Canary will check the 0'd address of the 4 contracts above.
// If two or more are set to anything other than a 0 the canary
// dies a horrible death.
func Canary(statedb *state.StateDB) bool {
var r int
if (statedb.GetState(jeff, common.Hash{}).Big().Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) > 0) {
r++
}
if (statedb.GetState(gav, common.Hash{}).Big().Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) > 0) {
r++
}
if (statedb.GetState(christoph, common.Hash{}).Big().Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) > 0) {
r++
}
if (statedb.GetState(vitalik, common.Hash{}).Big().Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) > 0) {
r++
}
return r > 10
}
// Process processes the state changes according to the Ethereum rules by running
// the transaction messages using the statedb and applying any rewards to both
// the processor (coinbase) and any included uncles.
//
// Process returns the receipts and logs accumulated during the process and
// returns the amount of gas that was used in the process. If any of the
// transactions failed to execute due to insufficient gas it will return an error.
func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB) (types.Receipts, vm.Logs, *big.Int, error) {
var (
receipts types.Receipts
totalUsedGas = big.NewInt(0)
err error
header = block.Header()
allLogs vm.Logs
gp = new(GasPool).AddGas(block.GasLimit())
)
for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
statedb.StartRecord(tx.Hash(), block.Hash(), i)
receipt, logs, _, err := ApplyTransaction(p.bc, gp, statedb, header, tx, totalUsedGas)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, totalUsedGas, err
}
receipts = append(receipts, receipt)
allLogs = append(allLogs, logs...)
}
AccumulateRewards(statedb, header, block.Uncles())
return receipts, allLogs, totalUsedGas, err
}
// ApplyTransaction attemps to apply a transaction to the given state database
// and uses the input parameters for its environment.
//
// ApplyTransactions returns the generated receipts and vm logs during the
// execution of the state transition phase.
func ApplyTransaction(bc *BlockChain, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *big.Int) (*types.Receipt, vm.Logs, *big.Int, error) {
_, gas, err := ApplyMessage(NewEnv(statedb, bc, tx, header), tx, gp)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, nil, err
}
// Update the state with pending changes
usedGas.Add(usedGas, gas)
receipt := types.NewReceipt(statedb.IntermediateRoot().Bytes(), usedGas)
receipt.TxHash = tx.Hash()
receipt.GasUsed = new(big.Int).Set(gas)
if MessageCreatesContract(tx) {
from, _ := tx.From()
receipt.ContractAddress = crypto.CreateAddress(from, tx.Nonce())
}
logs := statedb.GetLogs(tx.Hash())
receipt.Logs = logs
receipt.Bloom = types.CreateBloom(types.Receipts{receipt})
glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln(receipt)
return receipt, logs, gas, err
}
// ContractCall implements ContractCaller.ContractCall, executing the specified
// contract with the given input data.
func (b *SimulatedBackend) ContractCall(contract common.Address, data []byte, pending bool) ([]byte, error) {
// Create a copy of the current state db to screw around with
var (
block *types.Block
statedb *state.StateDB
)
if pending {
block, statedb = b.pendingBlock, b.pendingState
defer statedb.RevertToSnapshot(statedb.Snapshot())
} else {
block = b.blockchain.CurrentBlock()
statedb, _ = b.blockchain.State()
}
// If there's no code to interact with, respond with an appropriate error
if code := statedb.GetCode(contract); len(code) == 0 {
return nil, bind.ErrNoCode
}
// Set infinite balance to the a fake caller account
from := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(common.Address{})
from.SetBalance(common.MaxBig)
// Assemble the call invocation to measure the gas usage
msg := callmsg{
from: from,
to: &contract,
gasPrice: new(big.Int),
gasLimit: common.MaxBig,
value: new(big.Int),
data: data,
}
// Execute the call and return
vmenv := core.NewEnv(statedb, chainConfig, b.blockchain, msg, block.Header(), vm.Config{})
gaspool := new(core.GasPool).AddGas(common.MaxBig)
out, _, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, gaspool)
return out, err
}
func makeHeader(parent *types.Block, state *state.StateDB) *types.Header {
var time *big.Int
if parent.Time() == nil {
time = big.NewInt(10)
} else {
time = new(big.Int).Add(parent.Time(), big.NewInt(10)) // block time is fixed at 10 seconds
}
return &types.Header{
Root: state.IntermediateRoot(),
ParentHash: parent.Hash(),
Coinbase: parent.Coinbase(),
Difficulty: CalcDifficulty(time.Uint64(), new(big.Int).Sub(time, big.NewInt(10)).Uint64(), parent.Number(), parent.Difficulty()),
GasLimit: CalcGasLimit(parent),
GasUsed: new(big.Int),
Number: new(big.Int).Add(parent.Number(), common.Big1),
Time: time,
}
}
func RunVm(state *state.StateDB, env, exec map[string]string) ([]byte, vm.Logs, *big.Int, error) {
var (
to = common.HexToAddress(exec["address"])
from = common.HexToAddress(exec["caller"])
data = common.FromHex(exec["data"])
gas = common.Big(exec["gas"])
price = common.Big(exec["gasPrice"])
value = common.Big(exec["value"])
)
// Reset the pre-compiled contracts for VM tests.
vm.Precompiled = make(map[string]*vm.PrecompiledAccount)
caller := state.GetOrNewStateObject(from)
vmenv := NewEnvFromMap(state, env, exec)
vmenv.vmTest = true
vmenv.skipTransfer = true
vmenv.initial = true
ret, err := vmenv.Call(caller, to, data, gas, price, value)
return ret, vmenv.state.Logs(), vmenv.Gas, err
}
func (t *BlockTest) ValidatePostState(statedb *state.StateDB) error {
// validate post state accounts in test file against what we have in state db
for addrString, acct := range t.postAccounts {
// XXX: is is worth it checking for errors here?
addr, err := hex.DecodeString(addrString)
if err != nil {
return err
}
code, err := hex.DecodeString(strings.TrimPrefix(acct.Code, "0x"))
if err != nil {
return err
}
balance, ok := new(big.Int).SetString(acct.Balance, 0)
if !ok {
return err
}
nonce, err := strconv.ParseUint(prepInt(16, acct.Nonce), 16, 64)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// address is indirectly verified by the other fields, as it's the db key
code2 := statedb.GetCode(common.BytesToAddress(addr))
balance2 := statedb.GetBalance(common.BytesToAddress(addr))
nonce2 := statedb.GetNonce(common.BytesToAddress(addr))
if !bytes.Equal(code2, code) {
return fmt.Errorf("account code mismatch for addr: %s want: %s have: %s", addrString, hex.EncodeToString(code), hex.EncodeToString(code2))
}
if balance2.Cmp(balance) != 0 {
return fmt.Errorf("account balance mismatch for addr: %s, want: %d, have: %d", addrString, balance, balance2)
}
if nonce2 != nonce {
return fmt.Errorf("account nonce mismatch for addr: %s want: %d have: %d", addrString, nonce, nonce2)
}
}
return nil
}
// calculateGasAndSize calculates the required given the opcode and stack items calculates the new memorysize for
// the operation. This does not reduce gas or resizes the memory.
func calculateGasAndSize(env Environment, context *Context, caller ContextRef, op OpCode, statedb *state.StateDB, mem *Memory, stack *stack) (*big.Int, *big.Int, error) {
var (
gas = new(big.Int)
newMemSize *big.Int = new(big.Int)
)
err := baseCheck(op, stack, gas)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
// stack Check, memory resize & gas phase
switch op {
case SWAP1, SWAP2, SWAP3, SWAP4, SWAP5, SWAP6, SWAP7, SWAP8, SWAP9, SWAP10, SWAP11, SWAP12, SWAP13, SWAP14, SWAP15, SWAP16:
n := int(op - SWAP1 + 2)
err := stack.require(n)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
gas.Set(GasFastestStep)
case DUP1, DUP2, DUP3, DUP4, DUP5, DUP6, DUP7, DUP8, DUP9, DUP10, DUP11, DUP12, DUP13, DUP14, DUP15, DUP16:
n := int(op - DUP1 + 1)
err := stack.require(n)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
gas.Set(GasFastestStep)
case LOG0, LOG1, LOG2, LOG3, LOG4:
n := int(op - LOG0)
err := stack.require(n + 2)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
mSize, mStart := stack.data[stack.len()-2], stack.data[stack.len()-1]
gas.Add(gas, params.LogGas)
gas.Add(gas, new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(int64(n)), params.LogTopicGas))
gas.Add(gas, new(big.Int).Mul(mSize, params.LogDataGas))
newMemSize = calcMemSize(mStart, mSize)
case EXP:
gas.Add(gas, new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(int64(len(stack.data[stack.len()-2].Bytes()))), params.ExpByteGas))
case SSTORE:
err := stack.require(2)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
var g *big.Int
y, x := stack.data[stack.len()-2], stack.data[stack.len()-1]
val := statedb.GetState(context.Address(), common.BigToHash(x))
// This checks for 3 scenario's and calculates gas accordingly
// 1. From a zero-value address to a non-zero value (NEW VALUE)
// 2. From a non-zero value address to a zero-value address (DELETE)
// 3. From a nen-zero to a non-zero (CHANGE)
if common.EmptyHash(val) && !common.EmptyHash(common.BigToHash(y)) {
// 0 => non 0
g = params.SstoreSetGas
} else if !common.EmptyHash(val) && common.EmptyHash(common.BigToHash(y)) {
statedb.Refund(params.SstoreRefundGas)
g = params.SstoreClearGas
} else {
// non 0 => non 0 (or 0 => 0)
g = params.SstoreClearGas
}
gas.Set(g)
case SUICIDE:
if !statedb.IsDeleted(context.Address()) {
statedb.Refund(params.SuicideRefundGas)
}
case MLOAD:
newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), u256(32))
case MSTORE8:
newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), u256(1))
case MSTORE:
newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), u256(32))
case RETURN:
newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), stack.data[stack.len()-2])
case SHA3:
newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), stack.data[stack.len()-2])
words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.len()-2])
gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, params.Sha3WordGas))
case CALLDATACOPY:
newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), stack.data[stack.len()-3])
words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.len()-3])
gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, params.CopyGas))
case CODECOPY:
newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), stack.data[stack.len()-3])
words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.len()-3])
gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, params.CopyGas))
case EXTCODECOPY:
newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.len()-2], stack.data[stack.len()-4])
words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.len()-4])
gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, params.CopyGas))
case CREATE:
newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.len()-2], stack.data[stack.len()-3])
case CALL, CALLCODE:
gas.Add(gas, stack.data[stack.len()-1])
if op == CALL {
if env.State().GetStateObject(common.BigToAddress(stack.data[stack.len()-2])) == nil {
gas.Add(gas, params.CallNewAccountGas)
}
}
if len(stack.data[stack.len()-3].Bytes()) > 0 {
gas.Add(gas, params.CallValueTransferGas)
}
x := calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.len()-6], stack.data[stack.len()-7])
y := calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.len()-4], stack.data[stack.len()-5])
newMemSize = common.BigMax(x, y)
}
if newMemSize.Cmp(common.Big0) > 0 {
newMemSizeWords := toWordSize(newMemSize)
newMemSize.Mul(newMemSizeWords, u256(32))
if newMemSize.Cmp(u256(int64(mem.Len()))) > 0 {
oldSize := toWordSize(big.NewInt(int64(mem.Len())))
pow := new(big.Int).Exp(oldSize, common.Big2, Zero)
linCoef := new(big.Int).Mul(oldSize, params.MemoryGas)
quadCoef := new(big.Int).Div(pow, params.QuadCoeffDiv)
oldTotalFee := new(big.Int).Add(linCoef, quadCoef)
pow.Exp(newMemSizeWords, common.Big2, Zero)
linCoef = new(big.Int).Mul(newMemSizeWords, params.MemoryGas)
quadCoef = new(big.Int).Div(pow, params.QuadCoeffDiv)
newTotalFee := new(big.Int).Add(linCoef, quadCoef)
fee := new(big.Int).Sub(newTotalFee, oldTotalFee)
gas.Add(gas, fee)
}
}
return newMemSize, gas, nil
}