// curviest2 returns the value of t for which the quadratic parametric curve
// (1-t)²*a + 2*t*(1-t).b + t²*c has maximum curvature.
//
// The curvature of the parametric curve f(t) = (x(t), y(t)) is
// |x′y″-y′x″| / (x′²+y′²)^(3/2).
//
// Let d = b-a and e = c-2*b+a, so that f′(t) = 2*d+2*e*t and f″(t) = 2*e.
// The curvature's numerator is (2*dx+2*ex*t)*(2*ey)-(2*dy+2*ey*t)*(2*ex),
// which simplifies to 4*dx*ey-4*dy*ex, which is constant with respect to t.
//
// Thus, curvature is extreme where the denominator is extreme, i.e. where
// (x′²+y′²) is extreme. The first order condition is that
// 2*x′*x″+2*y′*y″ = 0, or (dx+ex*t)*ex + (dy+ey*t)*ey = 0.
// Solving for t gives t = -(dx*ex+dy*ey) / (ex*ex+ey*ey).
func curviest2(a, b, c fixed.Point26_6) fixed.Int52_12 {
dx := int64(b.X - a.X)
dy := int64(b.Y - a.Y)
ex := int64(c.X - 2*b.X + a.X)
ey := int64(c.Y - 2*b.Y + a.Y)
if ex == 0 && ey == 0 {
return 2048
}
return fixed.Int52_12(-4096 * (dx*ex + dy*ey) / (ex*ex + ey*ey))
}
// pDot returns the dot product p·q.
func pDot(p fixed.Point26_6, q fixed.Point26_6) fixed.Int52_12 {
px, py := int64(p.X), int64(p.Y)
qx, qy := int64(q.X), int64(q.Y)
return fixed.Int52_12(px*qx + py*qy)
}
// Add2 adds a quadratic segment to the stroker.
func (k *stroker) Add2(b, c fixed.Point26_6) {
ab := b.Sub(k.a)
bc := c.Sub(b)
abnorm := pRot90CCW(pNorm(ab, k.u))
if len(k.r) == 0 {
k.p.Start(k.a.Add(abnorm))
k.r.Start(k.a.Sub(abnorm))
} else {
k.jr.Join(k.p, &k.r, k.u, k.a, k.anorm, abnorm)
}
// Approximate nearly-degenerate quadratics by linear segments.
abIsSmall := pDot(ab, ab) < epsilon
bcIsSmall := pDot(bc, bc) < epsilon
if abIsSmall || bcIsSmall {
acnorm := pRot90CCW(pNorm(c.Sub(k.a), k.u))
k.p.Add1(c.Add(acnorm))
k.r.Add1(c.Sub(acnorm))
k.a, k.anorm = c, acnorm
return
}
// The quadratic segment (k.a, b, c) has a point of maximum curvature.
// If this occurs at an end point, we process the segment as a whole.
t := curviest2(k.a, b, c)
if t <= 0 || 4096 <= t {
k.addNonCurvy2(b, c)
return
}
// Otherwise, we perform a de Casteljau decomposition at the point of
// maximum curvature and process the two straighter parts.
mab := interpolate(k.a, b, t)
mbc := interpolate(b, c, t)
mabc := interpolate(mab, mbc, t)
// If the vectors ab and bc are close to being in opposite directions,
// then the decomposition can become unstable, so we approximate the
// quadratic segment by two linear segments joined by an arc.
bcnorm := pRot90CCW(pNorm(bc, k.u))
if pDot(abnorm, bcnorm) < -fixed.Int52_12(k.u)*fixed.Int52_12(k.u)*2047/2048 {
pArc := pDot(abnorm, bc) < 0
k.p.Add1(mabc.Add(abnorm))
if pArc {
z := pRot90CW(abnorm)
addArc(k.p, mabc, abnorm, z)
addArc(k.p, mabc, z, bcnorm)
}
k.p.Add1(mabc.Add(bcnorm))
k.p.Add1(c.Add(bcnorm))
k.r.Add1(mabc.Sub(abnorm))
if !pArc {
z := pRot90CW(abnorm)
addArc(&k.r, mabc, pNeg(abnorm), z)
addArc(&k.r, mabc, z, pNeg(bcnorm))
}
k.r.Add1(mabc.Sub(bcnorm))
k.r.Add1(c.Sub(bcnorm))
k.a, k.anorm = c, bcnorm
return
}
// Process the decomposed parts.
k.addNonCurvy2(mab, mabc)
k.addNonCurvy2(mbc, c)
}
// addNonCurvy2 adds a quadratic segment to the stroker, where the segment
// defined by (k.a, b, c) achieves maximum curvature at either k.a or c.
func (k *stroker) addNonCurvy2(b, c fixed.Point26_6) {
// We repeatedly divide the segment at its middle until it is straight
// enough to approximate the stroke by just translating the control points.
// ds and ps are stacks of depths and points. t is the top of the stack.
const maxDepth = 5
var (
ds [maxDepth + 1]int
ps [2*maxDepth + 3]fixed.Point26_6
t int
)
// Initially the ps stack has one quadratic segment of depth zero.
ds[0] = 0
ps[2] = k.a
ps[1] = b
ps[0] = c
anorm := k.anorm
var cnorm fixed.Point26_6
for {
depth := ds[t]
a := ps[2*t+2]
b := ps[2*t+1]
c := ps[2*t+0]
ab := b.Sub(a)
bc := c.Sub(b)
abIsSmall := pDot(ab, ab) < fixed.Int52_12(1<<12)
bcIsSmall := pDot(bc, bc) < fixed.Int52_12(1<<12)
if abIsSmall && bcIsSmall {
// Approximate the segment by a circular arc.
cnorm = pRot90CCW(pNorm(bc, k.u))
mac := midpoint(a, c)
addArc(k.p, mac, anorm, cnorm)
addArc(&k.r, mac, pNeg(anorm), pNeg(cnorm))
} else if depth < maxDepth && angleGreaterThan45(ab, bc) {
// Divide the segment in two and push both halves on the stack.
mab := midpoint(a, b)
mbc := midpoint(b, c)
t++
ds[t+0] = depth + 1
ds[t-1] = depth + 1
ps[2*t+2] = a
ps[2*t+1] = mab
ps[2*t+0] = midpoint(mab, mbc)
ps[2*t-1] = mbc
continue
} else {
// Translate the control points.
bnorm := pRot90CCW(pNorm(c.Sub(a), k.u))
cnorm = pRot90CCW(pNorm(bc, k.u))
k.p.Add2(b.Add(bnorm), c.Add(cnorm))
k.r.Add2(b.Sub(bnorm), c.Sub(cnorm))
}
if t == 0 {
k.a, k.anorm = c, cnorm
return
}
t--
anorm = cnorm
}
panic("unreachable")
}
// interpolate returns the point (1-t)*a + t*b.
func interpolate(a, b fixed.Point26_6, t fixed.Int52_12) fixed.Point26_6 {
s := 1<<12 - t
x := s*fixed.Int52_12(a.X) + t*fixed.Int52_12(b.X)
y := s*fixed.Int52_12(a.Y) + t*fixed.Int52_12(b.Y)
return fixed.Point26_6{fixed.Int26_6(x >> 12), fixed.Int26_6(y >> 12)}
}
// Copyright 2010 The Freetype-Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by your choice of either the
// FreeType License or the GNU General Public License version 2 (or
// any later version), both of which can be found in the LICENSE file.
package raster
import (
"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
)
// Two points are considered practically equal if the square of the distance
// between them is less than one quarter (i.e. 1024 / 4096).
const epsilon = fixed.Int52_12(1024)
// A Capper signifies how to begin or end a stroked path.
type Capper interface {
// Cap adds a cap to p given a pivot point and the normal vector of a
// terminal segment. The normal's length is half of the stroke width.
Cap(p Adder, halfWidth fixed.Int26_6, pivot, n1 fixed.Point26_6)
}
// The CapperFunc type adapts an ordinary function to be a Capper.
type CapperFunc func(Adder, fixed.Int26_6, fixed.Point26_6, fixed.Point26_6)
func (f CapperFunc) Cap(p Adder, halfWidth fixed.Int26_6, pivot, n1 fixed.Point26_6) {
f(p, halfWidth, pivot, n1)
}
// A Joiner signifies how to join interior nodes of a stroked path.
type Joiner interface {
