func initScene() (err error) {
gl.Enable(gl.TEXTURE_2D)
gl.Enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST)
gl.Enable(gl.LIGHTING)
gl.ClearColor(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.0)
gl.ClearDepth(1)
gl.DepthFunc(gl.LEQUAL)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT0, gl.AMBIENT, ambient)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT0, gl.DIFFUSE, diffuse)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT0, gl.POSITION, lightpos)
gl.Enable(gl.LIGHT0)
gl.Viewport(0, 0, Width, Height)
gl.MatrixMode(gl.PROJECTION)
gl.LoadIdentity()
gl.Frustum(-1, 1, -1, 1, 1.0, 10.0)
gl.MatrixMode(gl.MODELVIEW)
gl.LoadIdentity()
goph, err := os.Open("../../data/gopher.png")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer goph.Close()
texture, err = createTexture(goph)
return
}
func initGL() (err error) {
if err = loadTextures(); err != nil {
return
}
gl.ShadeModel(gl.SMOOTH)
gl.ClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0)
gl.ClearDepth(1)
gl.DepthFunc(gl.LEQUAL)
gl.Hint(gl.PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, gl.NICEST)
gl.Enable(gl.TEXTURE_2D)
gl.Enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST)
//alpha通道的值为 0.0意味着物体材质是完全透明的。1.0 则意味着完全不透明
//以全亮度绘制此物体，并对其进行50%的alpha混合(半透明)。
//当混合选项打开时，此物体将会产生50%的透明效果
gl.Color4f(1, 1, 1, 0.5) //全亮度， 50% Alpha 混合
gl.BlendFunc(gl.SRC_ALPHA, gl.ONE) //基于源象素alpha通道值的半透明混合函数
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.AMBIENT, ambient)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.AMBIENT, diffuse)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.POSITION, lightpos)
gl.Enable(gl.LIGHT1)
return
}
func initGL() (err error) {
if err = loadTextures(); err != nil {
return
}
gl.ShadeModel(gl.SMOOTH)
gl.ClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0)
gl.ClearDepth(1)
gl.DepthFunc(gl.LEQUAL)
gl.Hint(gl.PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, gl.NICEST)
gl.Enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST)
gl.Enable(gl.TEXTURE_2D)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.AMBIENT, ambient)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.AMBIENT, diffuse)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.POSITION, lightpos)
gl.Enable(gl.LIGHT1)
return
}
func initGL() (err error) {
if err = loadTextures(); err != nil {
return
}
gl.ShadeModel(gl.SMOOTH) ///阴影模式设为平滑阴影
gl.ClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0) ///背景色设为黑色
gl.ClearDepth(1)
gl.DepthFunc(gl.LEQUAL)
gl.Hint(gl.PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, gl.NICEST) ///启用优化透视计算
gl.Enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST) ///启用深度测试
gl.Enable(gl.TEXTURE_2D) ///启用2D纹理映射
/*
创建光源的数组。我们将使用两种不同的光。
第一种称为环境光。环境光来自于四面八方。所有场景中的对象都处于环境光的照射中。
第二种类型的光源叫做漫射光。漫射光由特定的光源产生，并在您的场景中的对象表面上产生反射。
处于漫射光直接照射下的任何对象表面都变得很亮，而几乎未被照射到的区域就显得要暗一些。
这样在我们所创建的木板箱的棱边上就会产生的很不错的阴影效果。
创建光源的过程和颜色的创建完全一致。前三个参数分别是RGB三色分量，最后一个是alpha通道参数。
因此，下面的代码我们得到的是半亮(0.5f)的白色环境光。如果没有环境光，未被漫射光照到的地方会变得十分黑暗。
*/
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.AMBIENT, ambient) //设置环境光(半亮度环境光)
//gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.AMBIENT, diffuse); //设置漫射光
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.DIFFUSE, diffuse) //设置漫射光(全亮度白光)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.POSITION, lightpos) //设置光源位置
gl.Enable(gl.LIGHT1) //启用一号光源
/*
光源的位置。前三个参数和glTranslate中的一样。依次分别是XYZ轴上的位移。
由于我们想要光线直接照射在木箱的正面，所以XY轴上的位移都是0.0f。
第三个值是Z轴上的位移。为了保证光线总在木箱的前面，所以我们将光源的位置朝着观察者(就是您哪。)挪出屏幕。
我们通常将屏幕也就是显示器的屏幕玻璃所处的位置称作Z轴的0.0f点。所以Z轴上的位移最后定为2.0f。
假如您能够看见光源的话，它就浮在您显示器的前方。当然，如果木箱不在显示器的屏幕玻璃后面的话，您也无法看见箱子。
*/
return
}
// program & OpenGL initialization
func Init() {
pos := []float32{5.0, 5.0, 10.0, 0.0}
red := []float32{0.8, 0.1, 0.0, 1.0}
green := []float32{0.0, 0.8, 0.2, 1.0}
blue := []float32{0.2, 0.2, 1.0, 1.0}
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT0, gl.POSITION, pos)
gl.Enable(gl.CULL_FACE)
gl.Enable(gl.LIGHTING)
gl.Enable(gl.LIGHT0)
gl.Enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST)
// make the gears
gear1 = gl.GenLists(1)
gl.NewList(gear1, gl.COMPILE)
gl.Materialfv(gl.FRONT, gl.AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, red)
gear(1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 20, 0.7)
gl.EndList()
gear2 = gl.GenLists(1)
gl.NewList(gear2, gl.COMPILE)
gl.Materialfv(gl.FRONT, gl.AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, green)
gear(0.5, 2.0, 2.0, 10, 0.7)
gl.EndList()
gear3 = gl.GenLists(1)
gl.NewList(gear3, gl.COMPILE)
gl.Materialfv(gl.FRONT, gl.AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, blue)
gear(1.3, 2.0, 0.5, 10, 0.7)
gl.EndList()
gl.Enable(gl.NORMALIZE)
// Parse command line options
info := flag.Bool("info", false, "Info")
autoexit = flag.Int("exit", 30, "Auto Exit after n seconts\n")
flag.Parse()
if *info {
fmt.Printf("gl.RENDERER = %s\n", gl.GetString(gl.RENDERER))
fmt.Printf("gl.VERSION = %s\n", gl.GetString(gl.VERSION))
fmt.Printf("gl.VENDOR = %s\n", gl.GetString(gl.VENDOR))
fmt.Printf("gl.EXTENSIONS = %s\n", gl.GetString(gl.EXTENSIONS))
os.Exit(1)
}
}
func init_() {
pos := []float32{5.0, 5.0, 10.0, 0.0}
red := []float32{0.8, 0.1, 0.0, 1.0}
green := []float32{0.0, 0.8, 0.2, 1.0}
blue := []float32{0.2, 0.2, 1.0, 1.0}
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT0, gl.POSITION, pos)
gl.Enable(gl.CULL_FACE)
gl.Enable(gl.LIGHTING)
gl.Enable(gl.LIGHT0)
gl.Enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST)
/* make the gears */
gear1 = gl.GenLists(1)
gl.NewList(gear1, gl.COMPILE)
gl.Materialfv(gl.FRONT, gl.AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, red)
gear(1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 20, 0.7)
gl.EndList()
gear2 = gl.GenLists(1)
gl.NewList(gear2, gl.COMPILE)
gl.Materialfv(gl.FRONT, gl.AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, green)
gear(0.5, 2.0, 2.0, 10, 0.7)
gl.EndList()
gear3 = gl.GenLists(1)
gl.NewList(gear3, gl.COMPILE)
gl.Materialfv(gl.FRONT, gl.AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, blue)
gear(1.3, 2.0, 0.5, 10, 0.7)
gl.EndList()
gl.Enable(gl.NORMALIZE)
if *printInfo {
print("GL_RENDERER = ", gl.GetString(gl.RENDERER), "\n")
print("GL_VERSION = ", gl.GetString(gl.VERSION), "\n")
print("GL_VENDOR = ", gl.GetString(gl.VENDOR), "\n")
print("GL_EXTENSIONS = ", gl.GetString(gl.EXTENSIONS), "\n")
}
}
func main() {
if err := glfw.Init(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err.Error())
}
if err := glfw.OpenWindow(800, 600, 8, 8, 8, 8, 32, 0, glfw.Windowed); err != nil {
glfw.Terminate()
log.Fatal(err.Error())
}
glfw.SetWindowTitle("Landscapes")
glfw.SetSwapInterval(1)
m := GenerateMap(160, 160, 16)
m.BuildVertices()
gl.Enable(gl.LIGHT0)
gl.Enable(gl.LIGHTING)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT0, gl.POSITION, []float32{0, 1, 0.2, 0})
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT0, gl.AMBIENT, []float32{0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1})
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT0, gl.DIFFUSE, []float32{0.75, 0.75, 0.75, 1})
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT0, gl.SPECULAR, []float32{1, 1, 1, 1})
gl.ShadeModel(gl.SMOOTH)
gl.ClearColor(0.1, 0.05, 0.0, 1.0)
far := 4096.0
fov := 60.0
gl.MatrixMode(gl.PROJECTION)
gl.LoadIdentity()
glu.Perspective(fov, 800.0/600, 1.0, far)
gl.MatrixMode(gl.MODELVIEW)
rot := float32(0.0)
for glfw.WindowParam(glfw.Opened) == 1 {
rot += 0.125
gl.Clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
gl.LoadIdentity()
gl.Enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST)
gl.DepthFunc(gl.LEQUAL)
cx := float32(m.width*m.gridSize) * 0.5
cy := float32(m.maxHeight) * 0.15
cz := float32(m.depth*m.gridSize) * 0.5
gl.Translatef(0, 0, -2000)
gl.Rotatef(30, 1, 0, 0)
gl.Rotatef(rot, 0, 1, 0)
gl.Translatef(-cx, -cy, -cz)
m.Draw()
glfw.SwapBuffers()
}
glfw.Terminate()
}
func main() {
var err error
if err = glfw.Init(); err != nil {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "[e] %v\n", err)
return
}
defer glfw.Terminate()
w, h := 1980, 1080
// w, h := 1280, 768
if err = glfw.OpenWindow(w, h, 8, 8, 8, 16, 0, 32, glfw.Fullscreen); err != nil {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "[e] %v\n", err)
return
}
defer glfw.CloseWindow()
glfw.SetSwapInterval(1)
glfw.SetWindowTitle("Debris")
quadric = glu.NewQuadric()
gl.Enable(gl.CULL_FACE)
gl.Enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST)
gl.DepthFunc(gl.LEQUAL)
gl.Enable(gl.NORMALIZE)
gl.Enable(gl.BLEND)
gl.BlendFunc(gl.SRC_ALPHA, gl.ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA)
gl.ShadeModel(gl.SMOOTH)
gl.Enable(gl.LIGHTING)
var (
ambient = []float32{0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 1}
diffuse = []float32{1, 1, 0.5, 1}
specular = []float32{0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 1}
light_position = []float32{1, 0, 0, 0}
// mat_specular []float32 = []float32{1, 1, 0.5, 1}
mat_specular = []float32{1, 1, 0.75, 1}
mat_shininess = float32(120)
// light_position []float32 = []float32{0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0}
)
const (
fov = 1.1 // degrees
znear = 145
zfar = 155
camera_z_offset = -150
camera_x_rotation = 0 // degrees
// camera_x_rotation = 20 // degrees
starfield_fov = 45
faces = 1000
earth_radius = 1
)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.AMBIENT, ambient)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.DIFFUSE, diffuse)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.SPECULAR, specular)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.POSITION, light_position)
gl.Enable(gl.LIGHT1)
mat_emission := []float32{0, 0, 0.1, 1}
gl.Materialfv(gl.FRONT_AND_BACK, gl.EMISSION, mat_emission)
gl.Materialfv(gl.FRONT_AND_BACK, gl.SPECULAR, mat_specular)
gl.Materialf(gl.FRONT_AND_BACK, gl.SHININESS, mat_shininess)
gl.ClearColor(0.02, 0.02, 0.02, 1)
gl.ClearDepth(1)
gl.ClearStencil(0)
gl.Clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
b := createBuffer()
planetoids := []*Planetoid{}
for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
p := &Planetoid{
apogee: 1.2 + rand.Float64()*0.7,
perigee: 1.5,
// inclination: 45,
inclination: rand.Float64()*20 - 10,
// inclination: 0,
phase0: rand.Float64() * 360,
rising_node: rand.Float64() * 10,
phase: 0,
// radius: rand.Float32()*0.05 + 0.01, //float32(r),
radius: rand.Float32()*0.0125 + 0.005, //float32(r),
// quadric: glu.NewQuadric(),
circle: b,
}
planetoids = append(planetoids, p)
}
// Initial projection matrix:
var aspect float64
glfw.SetWindowSizeCallback(func(w, h int) {
gl.Viewport(0, 0, w, h)
gl.MatrixMode(gl.PROJECTION)
gl.LoadIdentity()
aspect = float64(w) / float64(h)
glu.Perspective(fov, aspect, znear, zfar)
})
d := float64(0)
wireframe := false
atmosphere := false
polar := false
rotating := false
front := false
earth := true
cone := true
shadowing := true
tilt := false
running := true
glfw.SetKeyCallback(func(key, state int) {
if state != glfw.KeyPress {
// Don't act on key coming up
return
}
switch key {
case 'A':
atmosphere = !atmosphere
case 'C':
cone = !cone
case 'E':
earth = !earth
case 'R':
rotating = !rotating
case 'F':
front = !front
if front {
gl.FrontFace(gl.CW)
} else {
gl.FrontFace(gl.CCW)
}
case 'S':
shadowing = !shadowing
case 'T':
tilt = !tilt
case 'W':
wireframe = !wireframe
method := gl.GLenum(gl.FILL)
if wireframe {
method = gl.LINE
}
gl.PolygonMode(gl.FRONT_AND_BACK, method)
case glfw.KeyF2:
println("Screenshot captured")
// glh.CaptureToPng("screenshot.png")
w, h := glh.GetViewportWH()
im := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, w, h))
glh.ClearAlpha(1)
gl.Flush()
glh.CaptureRGBA(im)
go func() {
fd, err := os.Create("screenshot.png")
if err != nil {
panic("Unable to open file")
}
defer fd.Close()
png.Encode(fd, im)
}()
case 'Q', glfw.KeyEsc:
running = !running
case glfw.KeySpace:
polar = !polar
}
})
_ = rand.Float64
stars := glh.NewMeshBuffer(
glh.RenderArrays,
glh.NewPositionAttr(3, gl.DOUBLE, gl.STATIC_DRAW),
glh.NewColorAttr(3, gl.DOUBLE, gl.STATIC_DRAW))
const Nstars = 50000
points := make([]float64, 3*Nstars)
colors := make([]float64, 3*Nstars)
for i := 0; i < Nstars; i++ {
const R = 1
phi := rand.Float64() * 2 * math.Pi
z := R * (2*rand.Float64() - 1)
theta := math.Asin(z / R)
points[i*3+0] = R * math.Cos(theta) * math.Cos(phi)
points[i*3+1] = R * math.Cos(theta) * math.Sin(phi)
points[i*3+2] = z
const r = 0.8
v := rand.Float64()*r + (1 - r)
colors[i*3+0] = v
colors[i*3+1] = v
colors[i*3+2] = v
}
stars.Add(points, colors)
render_stars := func() {
glh.With(glh.Attrib{gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | gl.ENABLE_BIT}, func() {
gl.Disable(gl.LIGHTING)
gl.PointSize(1)
gl.Color4f(1, 1, 1, 1)
gl.Disable(gl.DEPTH_TEST)
gl.DepthMask(false)
stars.Render(gl.POINTS)
})
}
render_scene := func() {
// Update light position (sensitive to current modelview matrix)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT1, gl.POSITION, light_position)
gl.Lightfv(gl.LIGHT2, gl.POSITION, light_position)
if earth {
Sphere(earth_radius, faces)
}
unlit_points := glh.Compound(glh.Disable(gl.LIGHTING), glh.Primitive{gl.POINTS})
glh.With(unlit_points, func() {
gl.Vertex3d(1, 0, 0)
})
for _, p := range planetoids {
const dt = 0.1 // TODO: Frame update
p.Render(dt)
}
glh.With(glh.Disable(gl.LIGHTING), func() {
// Atmosphere
gl.Color4f(0.25, 0.25, 1, 0.1)
if atmosphere && earth {
Sphere(earth_radius*1.025, 100)
}
gl.PointSize(10)
glh.With(glh.Primitive{gl.POINTS}, func() {
gl.Color4f(1.75, 0.75, 0.75, 1)
gl.Vertex3d(-1.04, 0, 0)
})
})
}
render_shadow_volume := func() {
glh.With(glh.Attrib{
gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | gl.ENABLE_BIT |
gl.POLYGON_BIT | gl.STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT,
}, func() {
gl.Disable(gl.LIGHTING)
if shadowing {
// gl.Disable(gl.DEPTH_TEST)
gl.DepthMask(false)
gl.DepthFunc(gl.LEQUAL)
gl.Enable(gl.STENCIL_TEST)
gl.ColorMask(false, false, false, false)
gl.StencilFunc(gl.ALWAYS, 1, 0xffffffff)
}
shadow_volume := func() {
const sv_length = 2
const sv_granularity = 100
const sv_radius = earth_radius * 1.001
// Shadow cone
glh.With(glh.Matrix{gl.MODELVIEW}, func() {
gl.Rotatef(90, 1, 0, 0)
gl.Rotatef(90, 0, -1, 0)
gl.Color4f(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1)
glu.Cylinder(quadric, sv_radius, sv_radius*1.05,
sv_length, sv_granularity, 1)
glu.Disk(quadric, 0, sv_radius, sv_granularity, 1)
glh.With(glh.Matrix{gl.MODELVIEW}, func() {
gl.Translated(0, 0, sv_length)
glu.Disk(quadric, 0, sv_radius*1.05, sv_granularity, 1)
})
})
for _, p := range planetoids {
p.RenderShadowVolume()
}
}
if cone {
gl.FrontFace(gl.CCW)
gl.StencilOp(gl.KEEP, gl.KEEP, gl.INCR)
shadow_volume()
gl.FrontFace(gl.CW)
gl.StencilOp(gl.KEEP, gl.KEEP, gl.DECR)
shadow_volume()
}
if shadowing {
gl.StencilFunc(gl.NOTEQUAL, 0, 0xffffffff)
gl.StencilOp(gl.KEEP, gl.KEEP, gl.KEEP)
gl.ColorMask(true, true, true, true)
// gl.Disable(gl.STENCIL_TEST)
gl.Disable(gl.DEPTH_TEST)
gl.FrontFace(gl.CCW)
// gl.Color4f(1, 0, 0, 0.75)
gl.Color4f(0, 0, 0, 0.75)
// gl.Color4f(1, 1, 1, 0.75)
gl.LoadIdentity()
gl.Translated(0, 0, camera_z_offset)
// TODO: Figure out why this doesn't draw over the whole screen
glh.With(glh.Disable(gl.LIGHTING), func() {
glh.DrawQuadd(-10, -10, 20, 20)
})
// gl.FrontFace(gl.CW)
// gl.Enable(gl.LIGHTING)
// gl.Disable(gl.LIGHT1)
// render_scene()
// gl.Enable(gl.LIGHT1)
}
})
}
_ = render_stars
for running {
running = glfw.WindowParam(glfw.Opened) == 1
glfw.SwapBuffers()
gl.Clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | gl.STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT)
rotation := func() {
if tilt {
gl.Rotated(20, 1, 0, 0)
}
if polar {
gl.Rotated(90, 1, 0, 0)
}
gl.Rotated(d, 0, -1, 0)
}
// Star field
glh.With(glh.Matrix{gl.PROJECTION}, func() {
gl.LoadIdentity()
glu.Perspective(starfield_fov, aspect, 0, 1)
glh.With(glh.Matrix{gl.MODELVIEW}, func() {
gl.LoadIdentity()
rotation()
render_stars()
})
})
gl.MatrixMode(gl.MODELVIEW)
gl.LoadIdentity()
gl.Translated(0, 0, camera_z_offset)
rotation()
if rotating {
d += 0.2
}
_ = render_scene
render_scene()
_ = render_shadow_volume
render_shadow_volume()
}
}