// ManifestFromImage extracts a new schema.ImageManifest from the given ACI image.
func ManifestFromImage(rs io.ReadSeeker) (*schema.ImageManifest, error) {
var im schema.ImageManifest
tr, err := NewCompressedTarReader(rs)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
defer tr.Close()
for {
hdr, err := tr.Next()
switch err {
case io.EOF:
return nil, errors.New("missing manifest")
case nil:
if filepath.Clean(hdr.Name) == ManifestFile {
data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(tr)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if err := im.UnmarshalJSON(data); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &im, nil
}
default:
return nil, fmt.Errorf("error extracting tarball: %v", err)
}
}
}
func validate(imOK bool, im io.Reader, rfsOK bool, files []string) error {
defer func() {
if rc, ok := im.(io.Closer); ok {
rc.Close()
}
}()
if !imOK {
return ErrNoManifest
}
if !rfsOK {
return ErrNoRootFS
}
b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(im)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error reading image manifest: %v", err)
}
var a schema.ImageManifest
if err := a.UnmarshalJSON(b); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("image manifest validation failed: %v", err)
}
for _, f := range files {
if !strings.HasPrefix(f, "rootfs") {
return fmt.Errorf("unrecognized file path in layout: %q", f)
}
}
return nil
}
func createImageManifest(imj string) (*schema.ImageManifest, error) {
var im schema.ImageManifest
err := im.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(imj))
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &im, nil
}
// NewACI creates a new ACI in the given directory with the given image
// manifest and entries.
// Used for testing.
func NewACI(dir string, manifest string, entries []*ACIEntry) (*os.File, error) {
var im schema.ImageManifest
if err := im.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(manifest)); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
tf, err := ioutil.TempFile(dir, "")
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
defer os.Remove(tf.Name())
tw := tar.NewWriter(tf)
aw := NewImageWriter(im, tw)
for _, entry := range entries {
// Add default mode
if entry.Header.Mode == 0 {
if entry.Header.Typeflag == tar.TypeDir {
entry.Header.Mode = 0755
} else {
entry.Header.Mode = 0644
}
}
// Add calling user uid and gid or tests will fail
entry.Header.Uid = os.Getuid()
entry.Header.Gid = os.Getgid()
sr := strings.NewReader(entry.Contents)
if err := aw.AddFile(entry.Header, sr); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
if err := aw.Close(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return tf, nil
}
func patchManifest(im *schema.ImageManifest) error {
if patchName != "" {
name, err := types.NewACIdentifier(patchName)
if err != nil {
return err
}
im.Name = *name
}
var app *types.App = im.App
if patchExec != "" {
if app == nil {
// if the original manifest was missing an app and
// patchExec is set let's assume the user is trying to
// inject one...
im.App = &types.App{}
app = im.App
}
app.Exec = strings.Split(patchExec, " ")
}
if patchUser != "" || patchGroup != "" || patchSupplementaryGIDs != "" || patchCaps != "" || patchMounts != "" || patchPorts != "" || patchIsolators != "" {
// ...but if we still don't have an app and the user is trying
// to patch one of its other parameters, it's an error
if app == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("no app in the supplied manifest and no exec command provided")
}
}
if patchUser != "" {
app.User = patchUser
}
if patchGroup != "" {
app.Group = patchGroup
}
if patchSupplementaryGIDs != "" {
app.SupplementaryGIDs = []int{}
gids := strings.Split(patchSupplementaryGIDs, ",")
for _, g := range gids {
gid, err := strconv.Atoi(g)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("invalid supplementary group %q: %v", g, err)
}
app.SupplementaryGIDs = append(app.SupplementaryGIDs, gid)
}
}
if patchCaps != "" {
isolator := app.Isolators.GetByName(types.LinuxCapabilitiesRetainSetName)
if isolator != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("isolator already exists")
}
// Instantiate a Isolator with the content specified by the --capability
// parameter.
// TODO: Instead of creating a JSON and then unmarshalling it, the isolator
// should be instantiated directory. But it requires a constructor, see:
// https://github.com/appc/spec/issues/268
capsList := strings.Split(patchCaps, ",")
caps := fmt.Sprintf(`"set": ["%s"]`, strings.Join(capsList, `", "`))
isolatorStr := getIsolatorStr(types.LinuxCapabilitiesRetainSetName, caps)
isolator = &types.Isolator{}
err := isolator.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(isolatorStr))
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse capability %q: %v", patchCaps, err)
}
app.Isolators = append(app.Isolators, *isolator)
}
if patchMounts != "" {
mounts := strings.Split(patchMounts, ":")
for _, m := range mounts {
mountPoint, err := types.MountPointFromString(m)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse mount point %q: %v", m, err)
}
app.MountPoints = append(app.MountPoints, *mountPoint)
}
}
if patchPorts != "" {
ports := strings.Split(patchPorts, ":")
for _, p := range ports {
port, err := types.PortFromString(p)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse port %q: %v", p, err)
}
app.Ports = append(app.Ports, *port)
}
}
if patchIsolators != "" {
isolators := strings.Split(patchIsolators, ":")
for _, is := range isolators {
name, isolatorStr, err := isolatorStrFromString(is)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse isolator %q: %v", is, err)
}
if _, ok := types.ResourceIsolatorNames[name]; !ok {
return fmt.Errorf("isolator %s is not supported for patching", name)
}
isolator := &types.Isolator{}
if err := isolator.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(isolatorStr)); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot unmarshal isolator %v: %v", isolatorStr, err)
}
app.Isolators = append(app.Isolators, *isolator)
}
}
return nil
}
func runValidate(args []string) (exit int) {
if len(args) < 1 {
stderr("must pass one or more files")
return 1
}
for _, path := range args {
vt := valType
fi, err := os.Stat(path)
if err != nil {
stderr("unable to access %s: %v", path, err)
return 1
}
var fh *os.File
if fi.IsDir() {
switch vt {
case typeImageLayout:
case "":
vt = typeImageLayout
case typeManifest, typeAppImage:
stderr("%s is a directory (wrong --type?)", path)
return 1
default:
// should never happen
panic(fmt.Sprintf("unexpected type: %v", vt))
}
} else {
fh, err = os.Open(path)
if err != nil {
stderr("%s: unable to open: %v", path, err)
return 1
}
}
if vt == "" {
vt, err = detectValType(fh)
if err != nil {
stderr("%s: error detecting file type: %v", path, err)
return 1
}
}
switch vt {
case typeImageLayout:
err = aci.ValidateLayout(path)
if err != nil {
stderr("%s: invalid image layout: %v", path, err)
exit = 1
} else if globalFlags.Debug {
stderr("%s: valid image layout", path)
}
case typeAppImage:
tr, err := aci.NewCompressedTarReader(fh)
if err != nil {
stderr("%s: error decompressing file: %v", path, err)
return 1
}
err = aci.ValidateArchive(tr.Reader)
tr.Close()
fh.Close()
if err != nil {
if e, ok := err.(aci.ErrOldVersion); ok {
stderr("%s: warning: %v", path, e)
} else {
stderr("%s: error validating: %v", path, err)
exit = 1
}
} else if globalFlags.Debug {
stderr("%s: valid app container image", path)
}
case typeManifest:
b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(fh)
fh.Close()
if err != nil {
stderr("%s: unable to read file %s", path, err)
return 1
}
k := schema.Kind{}
if err := k.UnmarshalJSON(b); err != nil {
stderr("%s: error unmarshaling manifest: %v", path, err)
return 1
}
switch k.ACKind {
case "ImageManifest":
m := schema.ImageManifest{}
err = m.UnmarshalJSON(b)
case "PodManifest":
m := schema.PodManifest{}
err = m.UnmarshalJSON(b)
default:
// Should not get here; schema.Kind unmarshal should fail
panic("bad ACKind")
}
if err != nil {
stderr("%s: invalid %s: %v", path, k.ACKind, err)
exit = 1
} else if globalFlags.Debug {
stderr("%s: valid %s", path, k.ACKind)
}
default:
stderr("%s: unable to detect filetype (try --type)", path)
return 1
}
}
return
}
func genManifest(path string) *schema.ImageManifest {
// Get runtime.json and config.json
runtimePath := path + "/runtime.json"
configPath := path + "/config.json"
runtime, err := ioutil.ReadFile(runtimePath)
if err != nil {
if debugEnabled {
log.Printf("Open file runtime.json failed: %v", err)
}
return nil
}
config, err := ioutil.ReadFile(configPath)
if err != nil {
if debugEnabled {
log.Printf("Open file config.json failed: %v", err)
}
return nil
}
var spec LinuxSpec
err = json.Unmarshal(config, &spec)
if err != nil {
if debugEnabled {
log.Printf("Unmarshal config.json failed: %v", err)
}
return nil
}
var runSpec LinuxRuntimeSpec
err = json.Unmarshal(runtime, &runSpec)
if err != nil {
if debugEnabled {
log.Printf("Unmarshal runtime.json failed: %v", err)
}
return nil
}
// Begin to convert runtime.json/config.json to manifest
m := new(schema.ImageManifest)
// 1. Assemble "acKind" field
m.ACKind = "ImageManifest"
// 2. Assemble "acVersion" field
m.ACVersion = schema.AppContainerVersion
// 3. Assemble "name" field
m.Name = "oci"
// 4. Assemble "labels" field
// 4.1 "version"
label := new(types.Label)
label.Name = types.ACIdentifier("version")
label.Value = spec.Version
m.Labels = append(m.Labels, *label)
// 4.2 "os"
label = new(types.Label)
label.Name = types.ACIdentifier("os")
label.Value = spec.Platform.OS
m.Labels = append(m.Labels, *label)
// 4.3 "arch"
label = new(types.Label)
label.Name = types.ACIdentifier("arch")
label.Value = spec.Platform.Arch
m.Labels = append(m.Labels, *label)
// 5. Assemble "app" field
app := new(types.App)
// 5.1 "exec"
app.Exec = spec.Process.Args
// 5.2 "user"
app.User = fmt.Sprintf("%d", spec.Process.User.UID)
// 5.3 "group"
app.Group = fmt.Sprintf("%d", spec.Process.User.GID)
// 5.4 "eventHandlers"
event := new(types.EventHandler)
event.Name = "pre-start"
for index := range runSpec.Hooks.Prestart {
event.Exec = append(event.Exec, runSpec.Hooks.Prestart[index].Path)
event.Exec = append(event.Exec, runSpec.Hooks.Prestart[index].Args...)
event.Exec = append(event.Exec, runSpec.Hooks.Prestart[index].Env...)
}
app.EventHandlers = append(app.EventHandlers, *event)
event = new(types.EventHandler)
event.Name = "post-stop"
for index := range runSpec.Hooks.Poststop {
event.Exec = append(event.Exec, runSpec.Hooks.Poststop[index].Path)
event.Exec = append(event.Exec, runSpec.Hooks.Poststop[index].Args...)
event.Exec = append(event.Exec, runSpec.Hooks.Poststop[index].Env...)
}
app.EventHandlers = append(app.EventHandlers, *event)
// 5.5 "workingDirectory"
app.WorkingDirectory = spec.Process.Cwd
// 5.6 "environment"
env := new(types.EnvironmentVariable)
for index := range spec.Process.Env {
s := strings.Split(spec.Process.Env[index], "=")
env.Name = s[0]
env.Value = s[1]
app.Environment = append(app.Environment, *env)
}
// 5.7 "mountPoints"
for index := range spec.Mounts {
mount := new(types.MountPoint)
mount.Name = types.ACName(spec.Mounts[index].Name)
mount.Path = spec.Mounts[index].Path
//mount.ReadOnly = true
app.MountPoints = append(app.MountPoints, *mount)
}
// 5.8 "ports"
// 5.9 "isolators"
if runSpec.Linux.Resources != nil {
if runSpec.Linux.Resources.CPU.Quota != 0 {
cpuLimt := new(ResourceCPU)
cpuLimt.Limit = fmt.Sprintf("%dm", runSpec.Linux.Resources.CPU.Quota)
isolator := new(types.Isolator)
isolator.Name = types.ACIdentifier("resource/cpu")
bytes, _ := json.Marshal(cpuLimt)
valueRaw := json.RawMessage(bytes)
isolator.ValueRaw = &valueRaw
app.Isolators = append(app.Isolators, *isolator)
}
if runSpec.Linux.Resources.Memory.Limit != 0 {
memLimt := new(ResourceMem)
memLimt.Limit = fmt.Sprintf("%dG", runSpec.Linux.Resources.Memory.Limit/(1024*1024*1024))
isolator := new(types.Isolator)
isolator.Name = types.ACIdentifier("resource/memory")
bytes, _ := json.Marshal(memLimt)
valueRaw := json.RawMessage(bytes)
isolator.ValueRaw = &valueRaw
app.Isolators = append(app.Isolators, *isolator)
}
}
if len(spec.Linux.Capabilities) != 0 {
isolatorCapSet := new(IsolatorCapSet)
isolatorCapSet.Sets = append(isolatorCapSet.Sets, spec.Linux.Capabilities...)
isolator := new(types.Isolator)
isolator.Name = types.ACIdentifier(types.LinuxCapabilitiesRetainSetName)
bytes, _ := json.Marshal(isolatorCapSet)
valueRaw := json.RawMessage(bytes)
isolator.ValueRaw = &valueRaw
app.Isolators = append(app.Isolators, *isolator)
}
// 6. "annotations"
// 7. "dependencies"
// 8. "pathWhitelist"
m.App = app
return m
}
func runBuild(args []string) (exit int) {
if len(args) != 2 {
stderr("build: Must provide directory and output file")
return 1
}
root := args[0]
tgt := args[1]
ext := filepath.Ext(tgt)
if ext != schema.ACIExtension {
stderr("build: Extension must be %s (given %s)", schema.ACIExtension, ext)
return 1
}
mode := os.O_CREATE | os.O_WRONLY
if buildOverwrite {
mode |= os.O_TRUNC
} else {
mode |= os.O_EXCL
}
fh, err := os.OpenFile(tgt, mode, 0644)
if err != nil {
if os.IsExist(err) {
stderr("build: Target file exists (try --overwrite)")
} else {
stderr("build: Unable to open target %s: %v", tgt, err)
}
return 1
}
var gw *gzip.Writer
var r io.WriteCloser = fh
if !buildNocompress {
gw = gzip.NewWriter(fh)
r = gw
}
tr := tar.NewWriter(r)
defer func() {
tr.Close()
if !buildNocompress {
gw.Close()
}
fh.Close()
if exit != 0 && !buildOverwrite {
os.Remove(tgt)
}
}()
// TODO(jonboulle): stream the validation so we don't have to walk the rootfs twice
if err := aci.ValidateLayout(root); err != nil {
stderr("build: Layout failed validation: %v", err)
return 1
}
mpath := filepath.Join(root, aci.ManifestFile)
b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(mpath)
if err != nil {
stderr("build: Unable to read Image Manifest: %v", err)
return 1
}
var im schema.ImageManifest
if err := im.UnmarshalJSON(b); err != nil {
stderr("build: Unable to load Image Manifest: %v", err)
return 1
}
iw := aci.NewImageWriter(im, tr)
err = filepath.Walk(root, aci.BuildWalker(root, iw))
if err != nil {
stderr("build: Error walking rootfs: %v", err)
return 1
}
err = iw.Close()
if err != nil {
stderr("build: Unable to close image %s: %v", tgt, err)
return 1
}
return
}
func createACI(dir string, imageName string) error {
var errStr string
var errRes error
buildNocompress := true
root := dir
tgt := imageName
ext := filepath.Ext(tgt)
if ext != schema.ACIExtension {
errStr = fmt.Sprintf("build: Extension must be %s (given %s)", schema.ACIExtension, ext)
errRes = errors.New(errStr)
return errRes
}
if err := aci.ValidateLayout(root); err != nil {
if e, ok := err.(aci.ErrOldVersion); ok {
if globalFlags.Debug {
stderr("build: Warning: %v. Please update your manifest.", e)
}
} else {
errStr = fmt.Sprintf("build: Layout failed validation: %v", err)
errRes = errors.New(errStr)
return errRes
}
}
mode := os.O_CREATE | os.O_WRONLY | os.O_TRUNC
fh, err := os.OpenFile(tgt, mode, 0644)
if err != nil {
errStr = fmt.Sprintf("build: Unable to open target %s: %v", tgt, err)
errRes = errors.New(errStr)
return errRes
}
var gw *gzip.Writer
var r io.WriteCloser = fh
if !buildNocompress {
gw = gzip.NewWriter(fh)
r = gw
}
tr := tar.NewWriter(r)
defer func() {
tr.Close()
if !buildNocompress {
gw.Close()
}
fh.Close()
}()
mpath := filepath.Join(root, aci.ManifestFile)
b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(mpath)
if err != nil {
errStr = fmt.Sprintf("build: Unable to read Image Manifest: %v", err)
errRes = errors.New(errStr)
return errRes
}
var im schema.ImageManifest
if err := im.UnmarshalJSON(b); err != nil {
errStr = fmt.Sprintf("build: Unable to load Image Manifest: %v", err)
errRes = errors.New(errStr)
return errRes
}
iw := aci.NewImageWriter(im, tr)
err = filepath.Walk(root, aci.BuildWalker(root, iw))
if err != nil {
errStr = fmt.Sprintf("build: Error walking rootfs: %v", err)
errRes = errors.New(errStr)
return errRes
}
err = iw.Close()
if err != nil {
errStr = fmt.Sprintf("build: Unable to close image %s: %v", tgt, err)
errRes = errors.New(errStr)
return errRes
}
return nil
}
func writeACI(layer io.ReadSeeker, manifest schema.ImageManifest, curPwl []string, output string, compress bool) (*schema.ImageManifest, error) {
aciFile, err := os.Create(output)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating ACI file: %v", err)
}
defer aciFile.Close()
var w io.WriteCloser = aciFile
if compress {
w = gzip.NewWriter(aciFile)
defer w.Close()
}
trw := tar.NewWriter(w)
defer trw.Close()
if err := WriteRootfsDir(trw); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("error writing rootfs entry: %v", err)
}
var whiteouts []string
convWalker := func(t *tarball.TarFile) error {
name := t.Name()
if name == "./" {
return nil
}
t.Header.Name = path.Join("rootfs", name)
absolutePath := strings.TrimPrefix(t.Header.Name, "rootfs")
if strings.Contains(t.Header.Name, "/.wh.") {
whiteouts = append(whiteouts, strings.Replace(absolutePath, ".wh.", "", 1))
return nil
}
if t.Header.Typeflag == tar.TypeLink {
t.Header.Linkname = path.Join("rootfs", t.Linkname())
}
if err := trw.WriteHeader(t.Header); err != nil {
return err
}
if _, err := io.Copy(trw, t.TarStream); err != nil {
return err
}
if !util.In(curPwl, absolutePath) {
curPwl = append(curPwl, absolutePath)
}
return nil
}
reader, err := aci.NewCompressedTarReader(layer)
if err == nil {
// write files in rootfs/
if err := tarball.Walk(*reader, convWalker); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
} else {
// ignore errors: empty layers in tars generated by docker save are not
// valid tar files so we ignore errors trying to open them. Converted
// ACIs will have the manifest and an empty rootfs directory in any
// case.
}
newPwl := subtractWhiteouts(curPwl, whiteouts)
manifest.PathWhitelist = newPwl
if err := WriteManifest(trw, manifest); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("error writing manifest: %v", err)
}
return &manifest, nil
}
func patchManifest(im *schema.ImageManifest) error {
if patchName != "" {
name, err := types.NewACName(patchName)
if err != nil {
return err
}
im.Name = *name
}
if patchExec != "" {
im.App.Exec = strings.Split(patchExec, " ")
}
if patchUser != "" {
im.App.User = patchUser
}
if patchGroup != "" {
im.App.Group = patchGroup
}
if patchCaps != "" {
app := im.App
if app == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("no app in the manifest")
}
isolator := app.Isolators.GetByName(types.LinuxCapabilitiesRetainSetName)
if isolator != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("isolator already exists")
}
// Instantiate a Isolator with the content specified by the --capability
// parameter.
// TODO: Instead of creating a JSON and then unmarshalling it, the isolator
// should be instantiated directory. But it requires a constructor, see:
// https://github.com/appc/spec/issues/268
capsList := strings.Split(patchCaps, ",")
caps := fmt.Sprintf(`"set": ["%s"]`, strings.Join(capsList, `", "`))
isolatorStr := getIsolatorStr(types.LinuxCapabilitiesRetainSetName, caps)
isolator = &types.Isolator{}
err := isolator.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(isolatorStr))
if err != nil {
return err
}
app.Isolators = append(app.Isolators, *isolator)
}
if patchMounts != "" {
app := im.App
if app == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("no app in the manifest")
}
mounts := strings.Split(patchMounts, ":")
for _, m := range mounts {
mountPoint, err := types.MountPointFromString(m)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse mount point %q", m)
}
app.MountPoints = append(app.MountPoints, *mountPoint)
}
}
return nil
}
func patchManifest(im *schema.ImageManifest) error {
if patchName != "" {
name, err := types.NewACIdentifier(patchName)
if err != nil {
return err
}
im.Name = *name
}
if patchExec != "" {
im.App.Exec = strings.Split(patchExec, " ")
}
if patchUser != "" {
im.App.User = patchUser
}
if patchGroup != "" {
im.App.Group = patchGroup
}
var app *types.App
if patchCaps != "" || patchMounts != "" || patchPorts != "" || patchIsolators != "" {
app = im.App
if app == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("no app in the manifest")
}
}
if patchCaps != "" {
isolator := app.Isolators.GetByName(types.LinuxCapabilitiesRetainSetName)
if isolator != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("isolator already exists")
}
// Instantiate a Isolator with the content specified by the --capability
// parameter.
// TODO: Instead of creating a JSON and then unmarshalling it, the isolator
// should be instantiated directory. But it requires a constructor, see:
// https://github.com/appc/spec/issues/268
capsList := strings.Split(patchCaps, ",")
caps := fmt.Sprintf(`"set": ["%s"]`, strings.Join(capsList, `", "`))
isolatorStr := getIsolatorStr(types.LinuxCapabilitiesRetainSetName, caps)
isolator = &types.Isolator{}
err := isolator.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(isolatorStr))
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse capability %q: %v", patchCaps, err)
}
app.Isolators = append(app.Isolators, *isolator)
}
if patchMounts != "" {
mounts := strings.Split(patchMounts, ":")
for _, m := range mounts {
mountPoint, err := types.MountPointFromString(m)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse mount point %q: %v", m, err)
}
app.MountPoints = append(app.MountPoints, *mountPoint)
}
}
if patchPorts != "" {
ports := strings.Split(patchPorts, ":")
for _, p := range ports {
port, err := types.PortFromString(p)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse port %q: %v", p, err)
}
app.Ports = append(app.Ports, *port)
}
}
if patchIsolators != "" {
isolators := strings.Split(patchIsolators, ":")
for _, is := range isolators {
name, isolatorStr, err := isolatorStrFromString(is)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse isolator %q: %v", is, err)
}
if _, ok := types.ResourceIsolatorNames[name]; !ok {
return fmt.Errorf("isolator %s is not supported for patching", name)
}
isolator := &types.Isolator{}
if err := isolator.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(isolatorStr)); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot unmarshal isolator %v: %v", isolatorStr, err)
}
app.Isolators = append(app.Isolators, *isolator)
}
}
return nil
}