func (self SGD) PredictM(x mat.MatrixRO) (mat.MatrixRO, error) {
if self.f != nil {
if x.Cols() != self.InputDims() {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("x has %d columns. Expected %d.", x.Cols(), self.InputDims())
}
// Add biases to the input matrix
xb := self.addBiasToMatrix(x)
// Make predictions for each row
return self.f.PredictM(xb)
} else {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("Cannot predict before running Fit().")
}
}
func (self SGD) Predict(x mat.MatrixRO) (float64, error) {
if self.f != nil {
if x.Cols() != self.InputDims() {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("x has %d columns. Expected %d.", x.Cols(), self.InputDims())
}
// Add a bias to the input vector
xb := self.addBiasToMatrix(x)
// Make a prediction
return self.f.Predict(xb)
} else {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("Cannot predict before running Fit().")
}
}
/*
Apply applies the function f to each element in A and returns a new matrix with
the results.
Input
=====
A : a matrix
f : a function from scalar values to scalar values
Returns
=======
a matrix derived by applying f to each element in A. If f is nil, then this
function just returns A.
*/
func Apply(A mat.MatrixRO, f SFunction) mat.MatrixRO {
if f == nil {
return A
}
B := mat.Zeros(A.Rows(), A.Cols())
for r := 0; r < A.Rows(); r++ {
for c := 0; c < A.Cols(); c++ {
x := A.Get(r, c)
y := f(x)
B.Set(r, c, y)
}
}
return B
}
func (self SGD) addBiasToMatrix(x mat.MatrixRO) *mat.DenseMatrix {
xb := mat.Ones(x.Rows(), self.InputDims()+1)
for r := 0; r < x.Rows(); r++ {
for i := 0; i < self.InputDims(); i++ {
xb.Set(r, i, x.Get(r, i))
}
}
return xb
}
func (f LinearFunction) Predict(x mat.MatrixRO) (float64, error) {
if x.Cols() != f.InputDims() {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("x has %d columns. Expected %d.", x.Cols(), f.InputDims())
}
value, err := x.Times(&f.Weights)
if f.AFunc != nil {
return f.AFunc.Eval(value.Get(0, 0)), err
} else {
return value.Get(0, 0), err
}
}
func (f LinearFunction) PredictM(x mat.MatrixRO) (mat.MatrixRO, error) {
if x.Cols() != f.InputDims() {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("x has %d columns. Expected %d.", x.Cols(), f.InputDims())
}
y, err := x.Times(&f.Weights)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("Error predicting before applying activation function. %v", err)
}
var yprime mat.MatrixRO = nil
if f.AFunc != nil {
yprime = Apply(y, f.AFunc.Eval)
} else {
yprime = y
}
return yprime, nil
}
func (self *SGD) Fit(x mat.MatrixRO, y mat.MatrixRO) error {
if x.Rows() != y.Rows() {
return fmt.Errorf("The number of rows in x (%d) does not match the number of rows in y (%d). The matrix x should contain one input vector per row and the vector y should be a column vector containing labels for each input vector.", x.Rows(), y.Rows())
}
if y.Cols() != 1 {
return fmt.Errorf("y must be a column vector.")
}
// The number of samples in the data set
n := x.Rows()
// Get a dense version of the input matrix
dx := x.DenseMatrix()
// If there is no LinearModel yet, then we add one.
if self.f == nil {
self.inputDims = x.Cols()
self.f = new(LinearFunction)
self.f.Weights = *mat.Zeros(self.inputDims+1, 1)
self.f.AFunc = self.afunc
} else if self.inputDims != x.Cols() {
// If there is an existing linear model, then we only train on
// additional samples if they match the dimensionality of the previous
// training data.
return fmt.Errorf("The number of columns in matrix x does not match the dimension of previous training data. Please construct a new SGD instance.")
}
for i := 0; i < self.NumIterations; i++ {
index := rand.Intn(n)
xrow := dx.GetRowVector(index)
xrowb := self.addBiasToMatrix(xrow)
yhat, err := self.f.Predict(xrowb)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("Error while predicting with internal linear model. %v", err)
}
// Compute the activation function's derivative
yhatPrime := 0.0
if self.afunc != nil {
yNoAct, err := xrowb.Times(&self.f.Weights)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("Error while predicting before applying the activation function. %v", err)
}
yhatPrime = self.afunc.Deriv(yNoAct.Get(0, 0))
} else {
yhatPrime = 1
}
diff := y.Get(index, 0) - yhat
for j := 0; j < self.inputDims+1; j++ {
// Get the old weight value
oldw := self.f.Weights.Get(j, 0)
// Calculate the gradient of the squared error
grad := 0.0
if j < self.inputDims {
grad = (diff * yhatPrime * -xrow.Get(0, j))
} else {
// Gradient for the bias
grad = -diff * yhatPrime
}
// Calculate the gradient of the regularization penalty
gpen := 0.0
if self.PenaltyType == L1_PENALTY {
gpen = self.Lambda * signum(oldw)
} else {
gpen = self.Lambda * oldw
}
// Calculate the change in weight
alpha := self.LearningRate / float64(self.inputDims)
deltaw := alpha * (grad + gpen)
neww := oldw - deltaw
// Set the new weight
self.f.Weights.Set(j, 0, neww)
}
}
return nil
}