// PK and FK constraints.
func Eg6() {
db, status := database.Open(DBPath)
fmt.Println("Open database", status)
// Create a table "PEOPLE".
PERSON, status := db.Create("PEOPLE")
fmt.Println("Create PEOPLE", status)
// Add colums to PEOPLE.
fmt.Println("Add NAME", PERSON.Add("NAME", 20))
fmt.Println("Add AGE", PERSON.Add("AGE", 2)) // 0-99
// Create a table "CONTACT".
CONTACT, status := db.Create("CONTACT")
fmt.Println("Create CONTACT", status)
// Add columns to CONTACT.
fmt.Println("Add SITE", CONTACT.Add("SITE", 20))
fmt.Println("Add USERNAME", CONTACT.Add("USERNAME", 30))
fmt.Println("Add NAME", CONTACT.Add("NAME", 20))
// Lock all tables because we are modifying multiple tables at once.
// (This is in fact optional, you may also only lock the tables being modified.)
tr := transaction.New(db)
fmt.Println("Lock all", tr.LockAll())
// Make PERSON.NAME a PK, make CONTACT.NAME a FK.
constraint.PK(db, PERSON, "NAME")
constraint.FK(db, CONTACT, "NAME", PERSON, "NAME")
// Insert three records to PERSON, the second record has duplicated NAME which will return an error.
fmt.Println("Insert 1", tr.Insert(PERSON, map[string]string{"NAME": "Buzz", "AGE": "18"}))
fmt.Println("Insert 2 (error)", tr.Insert(PERSON, map[string]string{"NAME": "Buzz", "AGE": "17"}))
fmt.Println("Insert 3", tr.Insert(PERSON, map[string]string{"NAME": "Nikki", "AGE": "15"}))
// Insert two records to CONTACT, the second record does not correspond to a NAME in PERSON which will return an error.
fmt.Println("Insert 1", tr.Insert(CONTACT, map[string]string{"SITE": "Twitter", "USERNAME": "******", "NAME": "Buzz"}))
fmt.Println("Insert 2 (error)", tr.Insert(CONTACT, map[string]string{"SITE": "FB", "USERNAME": "******", "NAME": "Christina"}))
// Update "Buzz" in PERSON will trigger update-restricted and will return an error.
fmt.Println("Update 1 (error)", tr.Update(PERSON, 0, map[string]string{"NAME": "BuzzM"}))
// Update "Nikki" in PERSON will trigger update-restricted but will not return an error.
fmt.Println("Update 1", tr.Update(PERSON, 1, map[string]string{"NAME": "NikkiH"}))
// Delete "Buzz" in PERSON will trigger delete-restricted and will return an error.
fmt.Println("Delete 1 (error)", tr.Delete(PERSON, 0))
// Delete "NikkiH" in PERSON will trigger delete-restricted but will not return an error.
fmt.Println("Delete 2", tr.Delete(PERSON, 1))
fmt.Println("Commit", tr.Commit())
// Remove the PK and FK constraints.
fmt.Println("Remove PK constraint", constraint.RemovePK(db, PERSON, "NAME"))
fmt.Println("Remove FK constraint", constraint.RemoveFK(db, CONTACT, "NAME", PERSON, "NAME"))
}
// Insert/update/delete rows.
func Eg3() {
db, status := database.Open(DBPath)
fmt.Println("Open database", status)
// Create a table "t1".
t1, status := db.Create("t1")
fmt.Println("Create t1", status)
// Add colums c1, c2 with maximum length of 2 and 5 chars.
fmt.Println("Add c1", t1.Add("c1", 2))
fmt.Println("Add c2", t1.Add("c2", 5))
// Begin a transaction.
tr := transaction.New(db)
// Lock t1 in exclusive mode.
fmt.Println("Lock t1 exclusively", tr.ELock(t1))
// Insert three records
fmt.Println("Insert", tr.Insert(t1, map[string]string{"c1": "a", "c2": "111"}))
fmt.Println("Insert", tr.Insert(t1, map[string]string{"c1": "b", "c2": "222"}))
// Long value is truncated to fit the maximum length of the column.
fmt.Println("Insert", tr.Insert(t1, map[string]string{"c1": "cccc", "c2": "333"}))
// Print the table.
rows, status := t1.SelectAll()
fmt.Println("Select all rows", status)
for _, row := range rows {
fmt.Println(row)
}
// Update row 0, set c1 to "dd".
fmt.Println("Update", tr.Update(t1, 0, map[string]string{"c1": "dd"}))
// Delete row 1
fmt.Println("Delete", tr.Delete(t1, 1))
// Print the table again.
rows, status = t1.SelectAll()
fmt.Println("Select all rows", status)
for _, row := range rows {
fmt.Println(row)
}
// Commit the transaction, release table locks.
tr.Commit()
}
// Transaction commit and rollback.
func Eg5() {
db, status := database.Open(DBPath)
fmt.Println("Open database", status)
// Create a table "t1".
t1, status := db.Create("t1")
fmt.Println("Create t1", status)
// Add colums c1, c2 with maximum length of 2 and 5 chars.
fmt.Println("Add c1", t1.Add("c1", 2))
fmt.Println("Add c2", t1.Add("c2", 5))
// Begin a transaction.
tr := transaction.New(db)
// Insert a record.
fmt.Println("Insert", tr.Insert(t1, map[string]string{"c1": "a", "c2": "111"}))
// Commit all changes made so far.
fmt.Println("Commit", tr.Commit())
// After transaction is committed, it is available for next use.
// Insert a record, update a record, finally delete a record.
fmt.Println("Insert", tr.Insert(t1, map[string]string{"c1": "b", "c2": "111"}))
fmt.Println("Update", tr.Update(t1, 1, map[string]string{"c1": "bbb"}))
fmt.Println("Delete", tr.Delete(t1, 0))
// Print the table to show the changes made by the transaction.
rows, status := t1.SelectAll()
fmt.Println("Select all rows", status)
for _, row := range rows {
fmt.Println(row)
}
// Now roll back the transaction.
fmt.Println("Roll back", tr.Rollback())
// And print the table again.
rows, status = t1.SelectAll()
fmt.Println("Select all rows", status)
for _, row := range rows {
fmt.Println(row)
}
}
// Table locks
func Eg4() {
db, status := database.Open(DBPath)
fmt.Println("Open database", status)
// Create a table "t1".
t1, status := db.Create("t1")
fmt.Println("Create t1", status)
// Begin two transactions.
tr1 := transaction.New(db)
tr2 := transaction.New(db)
// tr1 locks t1 exclusively.
fmt.Println("tr1 lock t1 exclusively", tr1.ELock(t1))
// tr2 tries to acquire exclusive lock or shared lock on t1 but fails.
fmt.Println("tr2 tries to lock t1 exclusively (error)", tr2.ELock(t1))
fmt.Println("tr2 tries to lock t1 in shared (error)", tr2.SLock(t1))
// tr1 downgrades its lock on t1 to shared lock.
// (No need to remove the exclusively lock first, downgrade happens automatically)
fmt.Println("tr1 downgrades to shared lock on t1", tr1.SLock(t1))
// Now tr2 may acquire shared lock on t1.
fmt.Println("tr2 tries to lock t1 in shared", tr2.SLock(t1))
// Print existing locks on t1.
locks, status := transaction.LocksOf(t1)
fmt.Println("Existing locks on t1", locks, status)
// A transaction may not acquire exclusively lock on table if the table has shared lock(s) by other transaction(s).
fmt.Println("tr1 tries to lock t1 exclusively (error)", tr1.ELock(t1))
// Both commit and rollback will release their locked tables.
fmt.Println("tr1 commits", tr1.Commit())
fmt.Println("tr2 rolls back", tr2.Rollback())
locks, status = transaction.LocksOf(t1)
fmt.Println("Existing locks on t1", locks, status)
}
// Add/delete columns.
func Eg2() {
db, status := database.Open(DBPath)
fmt.Println("Open database", status)
// Create a table "t1".
t1, status := db.Create("t1")
fmt.Println("Create t1", status)
// Add column c1, maximum length 10 chars.
fmt.Println("Add c1", t1.Add("c1", 10))
// Add column c2, maximum length 20 chars.
fmt.Println("Add c2", t1.Add("c2", 20))
// Remove column c2.
fmt.Println("Remove c2", t1.Remove("c2"))
// Remove column cnoexist, there should be an error (column not found).
fmt.Println("Remove cnoexist (error)", t1.Remove("cnoexist"))
// Add column c1, there should be an error (duplicated column name).
fmt.Println("Add c1 again (error)", t1.Add("c1", 12345))
}
// Open/flush database, create/rename/delete tables.
func Eg1() {
db, status := database.Open(DBPath)
// Status 0 means no error has occured.
fmt.Println("Open database", status)
// Create a table "t1".
_, status = db.Create("t1")
fmt.Println("Create t1", status)
// Create a table "t2".
_, status = db.Create("t2")
fmt.Println("Create t2", status)
// Create table "t1" again, there should be an error (duplicated table name).
_, status = db.Create("t1")
fmt.Println("Create t1 again (error)", status)
// Rename table "t1" to "t2", there should be an error (duplicated table name).
status = db.Rename("t1", "t2")
fmt.Println("Rename t1 to t2 (error)", status)
// Rename table "t1" to "t3".
status = db.Rename("t1", "t3")
fmt.Println("Rename t1 to t3", status)
// Drop table "t3".
status = db.Drop("t3")
fmt.Println("Drop t3", status)
// Drop table "tnoexist", there should be an error (table not found) .
status = db.Drop("tnoexist")
fmt.Println("Drop tnoexist (error)", status)
// Flush disk buffer.
db.Flush()
}
// Handle UPDATE/DELETE statements.
func Eg8() {
/*
CREATE TABLE PERSON (
NAME CHAR(20),
AGE CHAR(2)
);
CREATE TABLE CONTACT (
NAME CHAR(20),
SITE CHAR(20),
USERNAME CHAR(40)
);
INSERT INTO PERSON VALUES('BUZZ', '18');
INSERT INTO PERSON VALUES('CHRISTINA', '16');
INSERT INTO PERSON VALUES('JOSHUA', '21');
INSERT INTO PERSON VALUES('NIKKI', '16');
INSERT INTO CONTACT VALUES('BUZZ', 'TWITTER', 'BUZZ01');
INSERT INTO CONTACT VALUES('CHRISTINA', 'FACEBOOK', 'CG');
INSERT INTO CONTACT VALUES('CHRISTINA', 'SKYPE', 'CGG');
INSERT INTO CONTACT VALUES('JOSHUA', 'TWITTER', 'JAMD')
INSERT INTO CONTACT VALUES('NIKKI', 'MYB', 'NH');
COMMIT;
DELETE FROM CONTACT
WHERE NAME IN
(SELECT NAME FROM PERSON WHERE NAME = CONTACT.NAME AND
AGE > 18);
UPDATE CONTACT
SET SITE = "FB"
WHERE SITE = "FACEBOOK";
COMMIT;
SELECT * FROM CONTACT;
-- NOTE THAT THE FOLLOWING 'TRANSLATION' DOES NOT CHECK FOR ERRORS.
*/
db, _ := database.Open(DBPath)
PERSON, _ := db.Create("PERSON")
PERSON.Add("NAME", 20)
PERSON.Add("AGE", 2)
CONTACT, _ := db.Create("CONTACT")
CONTACT.Add("NAME", 20)
CONTACT.Add("SITE", 20)
CONTACT.Add("USERNAME", 40)
tr := transaction.New(db)
tr.Insert(PERSON, map[string]string{"NAME": "BUZZ", "AGE": "18"})
tr.Insert(PERSON, map[string]string{"NAME": "CHRISTINA", "AGE": "16"})
tr.Insert(PERSON, map[string]string{"NAME": "JOSHUA", "AGE": "21"})
tr.Insert(PERSON, map[string]string{"NAME": "NIKKI", "AGE": "16"})
tr.Insert(CONTACT, map[string]string{"NAME": "JOSHUA", "SITE": "TWITTER", "USERNAME": "******"})
tr.Insert(CONTACT, map[string]string{"NAME": "NIKKI", "SITE": "MYB", "USERNAME": "******"})
tr.Insert(CONTACT, map[string]string{"NAME": "BUZZ", "SITE": "TWITTER", "USERNAME": "******"})
tr.Insert(CONTACT, map[string]string{"NAME": "CHRISTINA", "SITE": "FACEBOOK", "USERNAME": "******"})
tr.Insert(CONTACT, map[string]string{"NAME": "CHRISTINA", "SITE": "SKYPE", "USERNAME": "******"})
tr.Commit()
tr.ELock(PERSON)
tr.ELock(CONTACT)
query := ra.New()
query.Load(PERSON)
query.NLJoin("NAME", CONTACT, "NAME")
query.Select("AGE", filter.Gt{}, 18)
query.Project("SITE", "USERNAME")
contactResult, _ := query.Table("CONTACT")
for _, i := range contactResult.RowNumbers {
tr.Delete(CONTACT, i)
}
rows, _ := CONTACT.SelectAll()
for _, row := range rows {
fmt.Println(row)
}
query2 := ra.New()
query2.Load(CONTACT)
query2.Select("SITE", filter.Eq{}, "FACEBOOK")
contactResult, _ = query2.Table("CONTACT")
for _, i := range contactResult.RowNumbers {
fmt.Println("Updating", i)
tr.Update(CONTACT, i, map[string]string{"SITE": "FB"})
}
tr.Commit()
rows, _ = CONTACT.SelectAll()
for _, row := range rows {
fmt.Println(row)
}
}
// Handle query.
func Eg7() {
/*
CREATE TABLE PERSON (
NAME CHAR(20),
AGE CHAR(2)
);
CREATE TABLE CONTACT (
NAME CHAR(20),
SITE CHAR(20),
USERNAME CHAR(40)
);
INSERT INTO PERSON VALUES('BUZZ', '18');
INSERT INTO PERSON VALUES('CHRISTINA', '16');
INSERT INTO PERSON VALUES('JOSHUA', '21');
INSERT INTO PERSON VALUES('NIKKI', '16');
INSERT INTO CONTACT VALUES('BUZZ', 'TWITTER', 'BUZZ01');
INSERT INTO CONTACT VALUES('CHRISTINA', 'FACEBOOK', 'CG');
INSERT INTO CONTACT VALUES('CHRISTINA', 'SKYPE', 'CGG');
INSERT INTO CONTACT VALUES('JOSHUA', 'TWITTER', 'JAMD')
INSERT INTO CONTACT VALUES('NIKKI', 'MYB', 'NH');
COMMIT;
SELECT SITE, USERNAME
FROM CONTACT, PERSON
WHERE PERSON.NAME = CONTACT.NAME
AND PERSON.AGE > 17;
-- NOTE THAT THE FOLLOWING 'TRANSLATION' DOES NOT CHECK FOR ERRORS.
*/
db, _ := database.Open(DBPath)
PERSON, _ := db.Create("PERSON")
PERSON.Add("NAME", 20)
PERSON.Add("AGE", 2)
CONTACT, _ := db.Create("CONTACT")
CONTACT.Add("NAME", 20)
CONTACT.Add("SITE", 20)
CONTACT.Add("USERNAME", 40)
tr := transaction.New(db)
tr.Insert(PERSON, map[string]string{"NAME": "BUZZ", "AGE": "18"})
tr.Insert(PERSON, map[string]string{"NAME": "CHRISTINA", "AGE": "16"})
tr.Insert(PERSON, map[string]string{"NAME": "JOSHUA", "AGE": "21"})
tr.Insert(PERSON, map[string]string{"NAME": "NIKKI", "AGE": "16"})
tr.Insert(CONTACT, map[string]string{"NAME": "BUZZ", "SITE": "TWITTER", "USERNAME": "******"})
tr.Insert(CONTACT, map[string]string{"NAME": "CHRISTINA", "SITE": "FACEBOOK", "USERNAME": "******"})
tr.Insert(CONTACT, map[string]string{"NAME": "CHRISTINA", "SITE": "SKYPE", "USERNAME": "******"})
tr.Insert(CONTACT, map[string]string{"NAME": "JOSHUA", "SITE": "TWITTER", "USERNAME": "******"})
tr.Insert(CONTACT, map[string]string{"NAME": "NIKKI", "SITE": "MYB", "USERNAME": "******"})
tr.Commit()
tr.SLock(PERSON)
tr.SLock(CONTACT)
query := ra.New()
query.Load(PERSON)
query.NLJoin("NAME", CONTACT, "NAME")
query.Select("AGE", filter.Gt{}, 17)
query.Project("SITE", "USERNAME")
for i := 0; i < query.NumberOfRows(); i++ {
row, status := query.Read(i)
fmt.Println(row, status)
}
tr.Commit()
}