func ExampleAppHelp() {
// set args for examples sake
os.Args = []string{"greet", "h", "describeit"}
app := cli.NewApp()
app.Name = "greet"
app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
cli.StringFlag{Name: "name", Value: "bob", Usage: "a name to say"},
}
app.Commands = []cli.Command{
{
Name: "describeit",
Aliases: []string{"d"},
Usage: "use it to see a description",
Description: "This is how we describe describeit the function",
Action: func(c *cli.Context) {
fmt.Printf("i like to describe things")
},
},
}
app.Run(os.Args)
// Output:
// NAME:
// describeit - use it to see a description
//
// USAGE:
// command describeit [arguments...]
//
// DESCRIPTION:
// This is how we describe describeit the function
}
func TestApp_DefaultStdout(t *testing.T) {
app := cli.NewApp()
if app.Writer != os.Stdout {
t.Error("Default output writer not set.")
}
}
func TestUploadHandleFlags(t *testing.T) {
app := cli.NewApp()
flagset := flag.NewFlagSet("flags", 1)
flagset.String("name", "", "")
flagset.String("file", "", "")
flagset.String("public-key", "", "")
flagset.Set("name", "keypair1Name")
flagset.Set("public-key", "ssh public key data here")
c := cli.NewContext(app, flagset, nil)
cmd := &commandUpload{
Ctx: &handler.Context{
CLIContext: c,
},
}
expected := &handler.Resource{
Params: ¶msUpload{
opts: &osKeypairs.CreateOpts{
Name: "keypair1Name",
PublicKey: "ssh public key data here",
},
},
}
actual := &handler.Resource{}
err := cmd.HandleFlags(actual)
th.AssertNoErr(t, err)
th.AssertDeepEquals(t, *expected.Params.(*paramsUpload).opts, *actual.Params.(*paramsUpload).opts)
}
func ExampleAppBashComplete() {
// set args for examples sake
os.Args = []string{"greet", "--generate-bash-completion"}
app := cli.NewApp()
app.Name = "greet"
app.EnableBashCompletion = true
app.Commands = []cli.Command{
{
Name: "describeit",
Aliases: []string{"d"},
Usage: "use it to see a description",
Description: "This is how we describe describeit the function",
Action: func(c *cli.Context) {
fmt.Printf("i like to describe things")
},
}, {
Name: "next",
Usage: "next example",
Description: "more stuff to see when generating bash completion",
Action: func(c *cli.Context) {
fmt.Printf("the next example")
},
},
}
app.Run(os.Args)
// Output:
// describeit
// d
// next
// help
// h
}
func TestCreateHandleFlags(t *testing.T) {
app := cli.NewApp()
flagset := flag.NewFlagSet("flags", 1)
flagset.String("metadata", "", "")
flagset.String("container-read", "", "")
flagset.String("container-write", "", "")
flagset.Set("metadata", "key=val,foo=bar")
c := cli.NewContext(app, flagset, nil)
cmd := &commandCreate{
Ctx: &handler.Context{
CLIContext: c,
},
}
expected := &handler.Resource{
Params: ¶msCreate{
opts: containers.CreateOpts{
Metadata: map[string]string{
"key": "val",
"foo": "bar",
},
},
},
}
actual := &handler.Resource{}
err := cmd.HandleFlags(actual)
th.AssertNoErr(t, err)
th.AssertDeepEquals(t, expected.Params.(*paramsCreate).opts, actual.Params.(*paramsCreate).opts)
}
func Example() {
app := cli.NewApp()
app.Name = "todo"
app.Usage = "task list on the command line"
app.Commands = []cli.Command{
{
Name: "add",
Aliases: []string{"a"},
Usage: "add a task to the list",
Action: func(c *cli.Context) {
println("added task: ", c.Args().First())
},
},
{
Name: "complete",
Aliases: []string{"c"},
Usage: "complete a task on the list",
Action: func(c *cli.Context) {
println("completed task: ", c.Args().First())
},
},
}
app.Run(os.Args)
}
func TestGenerateHandleSingle(t *testing.T) {
app := cli.NewApp()
flagset := flag.NewFlagSet("flags", 1)
flagset.String("name", "", "")
flagset.Set("name", "keypair1Name")
c := cli.NewContext(app, flagset, nil)
cmd := &commandGenerate{
Ctx: &handler.Context{
CLIContext: c,
},
}
expected := &handler.Resource{
Params: ¶msGenerate{
opts: &osKeypairs.CreateOpts{
Name: "keypair1Name",
},
},
}
actual := &handler.Resource{
Params: ¶msGenerate{
opts: &osKeypairs.CreateOpts{},
},
}
err := cmd.HandleSingle(actual)
th.AssertNoErr(t, err)
th.AssertEquals(t, *expected.Params.(*paramsGenerate).opts, *actual.Params.(*paramsGenerate).opts)
}
func TestGetHandleSingle(t *testing.T) {
th.SetupHTTP()
defer th.TeardownHTTP()
th.Mux.HandleFunc("/servers/detail", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Add("Content-Type", "application/json")
fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"servers":[{"ID":"server1","Name":"server1Name"}]}`)
})
app := cli.NewApp()
flagset := flag.NewFlagSet("flags", 1)
flagset.String("name", "", "")
flagset.Set("name", "server1Name")
c := cli.NewContext(app, flagset, nil)
cmd := &commandGet{
Ctx: &handler.Context{
CLIContext: c,
ServiceClient: client.ServiceClient(),
},
}
expected := &handler.Resource{
Params: ¶msGet{
server: "server1",
},
}
actual := &handler.Resource{
Params: ¶msGet{},
}
err := cmd.HandleSingle(actual)
th.AssertNoErr(t, err)
th.AssertEquals(t, expected.Params.(*paramsGet).server, actual.Params.(*paramsGet).server)
}
func TestListHandleFlags(t *testing.T) {
app := cli.NewApp()
flagset := flag.NewFlagSet("flags", 1)
flagset.String("image", "", "")
flagset.String("flavor", "", "")
flagset.String("name", "", "")
flagset.String("status", "", "")
flagset.String("marker", "", "")
flagset.Set("image", "13ba-75c0-4483-acf9")
flagset.Set("flavor", "1234-b95f-ac5b-cd23")
flagset.Set("name", "server*")
flagset.Set("status", "AVAILABLE")
flagset.Set("marker", "1fd3-4f9f-44df-1b5c")
c := cli.NewContext(app, flagset, nil)
cmd := &commandList{
Ctx: &handler.Context{
CLIContext: c,
},
}
expected := &handler.Resource{
Params: ¶msList{
opts: &osServers.ListOpts{
Image: "13ba-75c0-4483-acf9",
Flavor: "1234-b95f-ac5b-cd23",
Name: "server*",
Status: "AVAILABLE",
Marker: "1fd3-4f9f-44df-1b5c",
},
},
}
actual := &handler.Resource{}
err := cmd.HandleFlags(actual)
th.AssertNoErr(t, err)
th.AssertDeepEquals(t, *expected.Params.(*paramsList).opts, *actual.Params.(*paramsList).opts)
}
func TestGenerateExecute(t *testing.T) {
th.SetupHTTP()
defer th.TeardownHTTP()
th.Mux.HandleFunc("/os-keypairs", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Add("Content-Type", "application/json")
fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"keypair":{}}`)
})
app := cli.NewApp()
flagset := flag.NewFlagSet("flags", 1)
flagset.Bool("json", false, "")
c := cli.NewContext(app, flagset, nil)
cmd := &commandGenerate{
Ctx: &handler.Context{
CLIContext: c,
ServiceClient: client.ServiceClient(),
},
}
actual := &handler.Resource{
Params: ¶msGenerate{
opts: &osKeypairs.CreateOpts{
Name: "keypair1Name",
},
},
}
cmd.Execute(actual)
th.AssertNoErr(t, actual.Err)
}
func TestApp_Run_Version(t *testing.T) {
var versionArguments = [][]string{{"boom", "--version"}, {"boom", "-v"}}
for _, args := range versionArguments {
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
t.Logf("==> checking with arguments %v", args)
app := cli.NewApp()
app.Name = "boom"
app.Usage = "make an explosive entrance"
app.Version = "0.1.0"
app.Writer = buf
app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) {
buf.WriteString("boom I say!")
}
err := app.Run(args)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
}
output := buf.String()
t.Logf("output: %q\n", buf.Bytes())
if !strings.Contains(output, "0.1.0") {
t.Errorf("want version to contain %q, did not: \n%q", "0.1.0", output)
}
}
}
func TestDeleteExecute(t *testing.T) {
th.SetupHTTP()
defer th.TeardownHTTP()
th.Mux.HandleFunc("/container1", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
})
app := cli.NewApp()
flagset := flag.NewFlagSet("flags", 1)
flagset.String("name", "", "")
flagset.Set("name", "container1")
c := cli.NewContext(app, flagset, nil)
cmd := &commandDelete{
Ctx: &handler.Context{
ServiceClient: client.ServiceClient(),
CLIContext: c,
},
}
actual := &handler.Resource{
Params: ¶msDelete{
container: "container1",
},
}
cmd.Execute(actual)
th.AssertNoErr(t, actual.Err)
}
func TestApp_ParseSliceFlagsWithMissingValue(t *testing.T) {
var parsedIntSlice []int
var parsedStringSlice []string
app := cli.NewApp()
command := cli.Command{
Name: "cmd",
Flags: []cli.Flag{
cli.IntSliceFlag{Name: "a", Usage: "set numbers"},
cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "str", Usage: "set strings"},
},
Action: func(c *cli.Context) {
parsedIntSlice = c.IntSlice("a")
parsedStringSlice = c.StringSlice("str")
},
}
app.Commands = []cli.Command{command}
app.Run([]string{"", "cmd", "my-arg", "-a", "2", "-str", "A"})
var expectedIntSlice = []int{2}
var expectedStringSlice = []string{"A"}
if parsedIntSlice[0] != expectedIntSlice[0] {
t.Errorf("%v does not match %v", parsedIntSlice[0], expectedIntSlice[0])
}
if parsedStringSlice[0] != expectedStringSlice[0] {
t.Errorf("%v does not match %v", parsedIntSlice[0], expectedIntSlice[0])
}
}
func TestApp_RunAsSubcommandParseFlags(t *testing.T) {
var context *cli.Context
a := cli.NewApp()
a.Commands = []cli.Command{
{
Name: "foo",
Action: func(c *cli.Context) {
context = c
},
Flags: []cli.Flag{
cli.StringFlag{
Name: "lang",
Value: "english",
Usage: "language for the greeting",
},
},
Before: func(_ *cli.Context) error { return nil },
},
}
a.Run([]string{"", "foo", "--lang", "spanish", "abcd"})
expect(t, context.Args().Get(0), "abcd")
expect(t, context.String("lang"), "spanish")
}
func main() {
cli.HelpPrinter = printHelp
cli.CommandHelpTemplate = `NAME: {{.Name}} - {{.Usage}}{{if .Description}}
DESCRIPTION: {{.Description}}{{end}}{{if .Flags}}
OPTIONS:
{{range .Flags}}{{flag .}}
{{end}}{{ end }}
`
app := cli.NewApp()
app.Name = "rack"
app.Usage = "An opinionated CLI for the Rackspace cloud"
app.EnableBashCompletion = true
app.Commands = []cli.Command{
{
Name: "init",
Usage: "[Linux/OS X only] Setup environment with command completion for the Bash shell.",
Action: setup.Init,
},
{
Name: "configure",
Usage: "Interactively create a config file for Rackspace authentication.",
Action: configure,
},
{
Name: "servers",
Usage: "Operations on cloud servers, both virtual and bare metal.",
Subcommands: serverscommands.Get(),
},
{
Name: "files",
Usage: "Object storage for files and media.",
Subcommands: filescommands.Get(),
},
{
Name: "networks",
Usage: "Software-defined networking.",
Subcommands: networkscommands.Get(),
},
{
Name: "block-storage",
Usage: "Block-level storage, exposed as volumes to mount to host servers. Work with volumes and their associated snapshots.",
Subcommands: blockstoragecommands.Get(),
},
}
app.Flags = util.GlobalFlags()
app.BashComplete = func(c *cli.Context) {
completeGlobals(globalOptions(app))
}
app.Before = func(c *cli.Context) error {
//fmt.Printf("c.Args: %+v\n", c.Args())
return nil
}
app.CommandNotFound = commandNotFound
app.Run(os.Args)
}
func main() {
cli.HelpPrinter = printHelp
cli.CommandHelpTemplate = `NAME: {{.Name}} - {{.Usage}}{{if .Description}}
DESCRIPTION: {{.Description}}{{end}}{{if .Flags}}
OPTIONS:
{{range .Flags}}{{flag .}}
{{end}}{{ end }}
`
app := cli.NewApp()
app.Name = "rack"
app.Usage = "An opinionated CLI for the Rackspace cloud"
app.EnableBashCompletion = true
app.Commands = []cli.Command{
{
Name: "init",
Usage: "Used to setup a user's environment with amenities like command completion for the Bash shell.",
Action: setup.Init,
},
{
Name: "configure",
Usage: "Used to interactively create a config file for Rackspace authentication.",
Action: configure,
},
{
Name: "servers",
Usage: "Used for the Servers service",
Subcommands: serverscommands.Get(),
},
{
Name: "files",
Usage: "Used for the Files service",
Subcommands: filescommands.Get(),
},
{
Name: "networks",
Usage: "Used for the Networks service",
Subcommands: networkscommands.Get(),
},
{
Name: "block-storage",
Usage: "Used for the Block Storage service",
Subcommands: blockstoragecommands.Get(),
},
}
app.Flags = util.GlobalFlags()
app.BashComplete = func(c *cli.Context) {
completeGlobals(globalOptions(app))
}
app.Before = func(c *cli.Context) error {
//fmt.Printf("c.Args: %+v\n", c.Args())
return nil
}
app.CommandNotFound = commandNotFound
app.Run(os.Args)
}
func TestApp_ParseSliceFlags(t *testing.T) {
var parsedOption, firstArg string
var parsedIntSlice []int
var parsedStringSlice []string
app := cli.NewApp()
command := cli.Command{
Name: "cmd",
Flags: []cli.Flag{
cli.IntSliceFlag{Name: "p", Value: &cli.IntSlice{}, Usage: "set one or more ip addr"},
cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "ip", Value: &cli.StringSlice{}, Usage: "set one or more ports to open"},
},
Action: func(c *cli.Context) {
parsedIntSlice = c.IntSlice("p")
parsedStringSlice = c.StringSlice("ip")
parsedOption = c.String("option")
firstArg = c.Args().First()
},
}
app.Commands = []cli.Command{command}
app.Run([]string{"", "cmd", "my-arg", "-p", "22", "-p", "80", "-ip", "8.8.8.8", "-ip", "8.8.4.4"})
IntsEquals := func(a, b []int) bool {
if len(a) != len(b) {
return false
}
for i, v := range a {
if v != b[i] {
return false
}
}
return true
}
StrsEquals := func(a, b []string) bool {
if len(a) != len(b) {
return false
}
for i, v := range a {
if v != b[i] {
return false
}
}
return true
}
var expectedIntSlice = []int{22, 80}
var expectedStringSlice = []string{"8.8.8.8", "8.8.4.4"}
if !IntsEquals(parsedIntSlice, expectedIntSlice) {
t.Errorf("%v does not match %v", parsedIntSlice, expectedIntSlice)
}
if !StrsEquals(parsedStringSlice, expectedStringSlice) {
t.Errorf("%v does not match %v", parsedStringSlice, expectedStringSlice)
}
}
func TestApp_Run_CommandWithSubcommandHasHelpTopic(t *testing.T) {
var subcommandHelpTopics = [][]string{
{"command", "foo", "--help"},
{"command", "foo", "-h"},
{"command", "foo", "help"},
}
for _, flagSet := range subcommandHelpTopics {
t.Logf("==> checking with flags %v", flagSet)
app := cli.NewApp()
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
app.Writer = buf
subCmdBar := cli.Command{
Name: "bar",
Usage: "does bar things",
}
subCmdBaz := cli.Command{
Name: "baz",
Usage: "does baz things",
}
cmd := cli.Command{
Name: "foo",
Description: "descriptive wall of text about how it does foo things",
Subcommands: []cli.Command{subCmdBar, subCmdBaz},
}
app.Commands = []cli.Command{cmd}
err := app.Run(flagSet)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
}
output := buf.String()
t.Logf("output: %q\n", buf.Bytes())
if strings.Contains(output, "No help topic for") {
t.Errorf("expect a help topic, got none: \n%q", output)
}
for _, shouldContain := range []string{
cmd.Name, cmd.Description,
subCmdBar.Name, subCmdBar.Usage,
subCmdBaz.Name, subCmdBaz.Usage,
} {
if !strings.Contains(output, shouldContain) {
t.Errorf("want help to contain %q, did not: \n%q", shouldContain, output)
}
}
}
}
func TestDeleteContext(t *testing.T) {
app := cli.NewApp()
flagset := flag.NewFlagSet("flags", 1)
c := cli.NewContext(app, flagset, nil)
cmd := &commandDelete{
Ctx: &handler.Context{
CLIContext: c,
},
}
expected := cmd.Ctx
actual := cmd.Context()
th.AssertDeepEquals(t, expected, actual)
}
func Test_ShowAppHelp_NoAuthor(t *testing.T) {
output := new(bytes.Buffer)
app := cli.NewApp()
app.Writer = output
c := cli.NewContext(app, nil, nil)
cli.ShowAppHelp(c)
if bytes.Index(output.Bytes(), []byte("AUTHOR(S):")) != -1 {
t.Errorf("expected\n%snot to include %s", output.String(), "AUTHOR(S):")
}
}
func TestApp_Command(t *testing.T) {
app := cli.NewApp()
fooCommand := cli.Command{Name: "foobar", Aliases: []string{"f"}}
batCommand := cli.Command{Name: "batbaz", Aliases: []string{"b"}}
app.Commands = []cli.Command{
fooCommand,
batCommand,
}
for _, test := range commandAppTests {
expect(t, app.Command(test.name) != nil, test.expected)
}
}
func TestCreateHandleFlags(t *testing.T) {
app := cli.NewApp()
flagset := flag.NewFlagSet("flags", 1)
flagset.String("image-id", "", "")
flagset.String("flavor-id", "", "")
flagset.String("security-groups", "", "")
flagset.String("networks", "", "")
flagset.String("metadata", "", "")
flagset.String("admin-pass", "", "")
flagset.String("keypair", "", "")
flagset.Set("image-id", "13ba-75c0-4483-acf9")
flagset.Set("flavor-id", "1234-b95f-ac5b-cd23")
flagset.Set("security-groups", "sg1,sg2,sg3")
flagset.Set("networks", "1111-2222-3333-4444,5555-7777-8888-9999")
flagset.Set("metadata", "img=foo,flavor=bar")
flagset.Set("admin-pass", "secret")
flagset.Set("keypair", "kp1")
c := cli.NewContext(app, flagset, nil)
cmd := &commandCreate{
Ctx: &handler.Context{
CLIContext: c,
},
}
expected := &handler.Resource{
Params: ¶msCreate{
opts: &servers.CreateOpts{
ImageRef: "13ba-75c0-4483-acf9",
FlavorRef: "1234-b95f-ac5b-cd23",
SecurityGroups: []string{"sg1", "sg2", "sg3"},
Networks: []osServers.Network{
{
UUID: "1111-2222-3333-4444",
},
{
UUID: "5555-7777-8888-9999",
},
},
Metadata: map[string]string{
"img": "foo",
"flavor": "bar",
},
AdminPass: "******",
KeyPair: "kp1",
},
},
}
actual := &handler.Resource{}
err := cmd.HandleFlags(actual)
th.AssertNoErr(t, err)
th.AssertDeepEquals(t, *expected.Params.(*paramsCreate).opts, *actual.Params.(*paramsCreate).opts)
}
func TestApp_Run(t *testing.T) {
s := ""
app := cli.NewApp()
app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) {
s = s + c.Args().First()
}
err := app.Run([]string{"command", "foo"})
expect(t, err, nil)
err = app.Run([]string{"command", "bar"})
expect(t, err, nil)
expect(t, s, "foobar")
}
func TestApp_Float64Flag(t *testing.T) {
var meters float64
app := cli.NewApp()
app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
cli.Float64Flag{Name: "height", Value: 1.5, Usage: "Set the height, in meters"},
}
app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) {
meters = c.Float64("height")
}
app.Run([]string{"", "--height", "1.93"})
expect(t, meters, 1.93)
}
func TestRebuildHandleFlags(t *testing.T) {
th.SetupHTTP()
defer th.TeardownHTTP()
th.Mux.HandleFunc("/servers/detail", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Add("Content-Type", "application/json")
fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"servers":[{"ID":"server1","Name":"server1Name"}]}`)
})
app := cli.NewApp()
flagset := flag.NewFlagSet("flags", 1)
flagset.String("id", "", "")
flagset.String("image-id", "", "")
flagset.String("admin-pass", "", "")
flagset.String("ipv4", "", "")
flagset.String("ipv6", "", "")
flagset.String("metadata", "", "")
flagset.String("rename", "", "")
flagset.Set("id", "server1")
flagset.Set("image-id", "123456789")
flagset.Set("admin-pass", "secret")
flagset.Set("ipv4", "123.45.67.89")
flagset.Set("metadata", "img=bar,flavor=foo")
flagset.Set("rename", "server1Rename")
c := cli.NewContext(app, flagset, nil)
cmd := &commandRebuild{
Ctx: &handler.Context{
CLIContext: c,
},
}
expected := &handler.Resource{
Params: ¶msRebuild{
opts: &servers.RebuildOpts{
ImageID: "123456789",
AdminPass: "******",
AccessIPv4: "123.45.67.89",
Metadata: map[string]string{
"img": "bar",
"flavor": "foo",
},
Name: "server1Rename",
},
serverID: "server1",
},
}
actual := &handler.Resource{}
err := cmd.HandleFlags(actual)
th.AssertNoErr(t, err)
th.AssertDeepEquals(t, *expected.Params.(*paramsRebuild).opts, *actual.Params.(*paramsRebuild).opts)
}
func TestAppNoHelpFlag(t *testing.T) {
oldFlag := cli.HelpFlag
defer func() {
cli.HelpFlag = oldFlag
}()
cli.HelpFlag = cli.BoolFlag{}
app := cli.NewApp()
err := app.Run([]string{"test", "-h"})
if err != flag.ErrHelp {
t.Errorf("expected error about missing help flag, but got: %s (%T)", err, err)
}
}
func TestGlobalFlag(t *testing.T) {
var globalFlag string
var globalFlagSet bool
app := cli.NewApp()
app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
cli.StringFlag{Name: "global, g", Usage: "global"},
}
app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) {
globalFlag = c.GlobalString("global")
globalFlagSet = c.GlobalIsSet("global")
}
app.Run([]string{"command", "-g", "foo"})
expect(t, globalFlag, "foo")
expect(t, globalFlagSet, true)
}
func TestDeleteHandleFlags(t *testing.T) {
app := cli.NewApp()
flagset := flag.NewFlagSet("flags", 1)
c := cli.NewContext(app, flagset, nil)
cmd := &commandDelete{
Ctx: &handler.Context{
CLIContext: c,
},
}
expected := &handler.Resource{
Params: ¶msDelete{},
}
actual := &handler.Resource{}
err := cmd.HandleFlags(actual)
th.AssertNoErr(t, err)
th.AssertDeepEquals(t, expected.Params.(*paramsDelete), actual.Params.(*paramsDelete))
}
func TestApp_SetStdout(t *testing.T) {
w := &mockWriter{}
app := cli.NewApp()
app.Name = "test"
app.Writer = w
err := app.Run([]string{"help"})
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Run error: %s", err)
}
if len(w.written) == 0 {
t.Error("App did not write output to desired writer.")
}
}
func TestApp_Run_DoesNotOverwriteErrorFromBefore(t *testing.T) {
app := cli.NewApp()
app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) {}
app.Before = func(c *cli.Context) error { return fmt.Errorf("before error") }
app.After = func(c *cli.Context) error { return fmt.Errorf("after error") }
err := app.Run([]string{"foo"})
if err == nil {
t.Fatalf("expected to recieve error from Run, got none")
}
if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "before error") {
t.Errorf("expected text of error from Before method, but got none in \"%v\"", err)
}
if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "after error") {
t.Errorf("expected text of error from After method, but got none in \"%v\"", err)
}
}