// Process processes the state changes according to the Ethereum rules by running
// the transaction messages using the statedb and applying any rewards to both
// the processor (coinbase) and any included uncles.
//
// Process returns the receipts and logs accumulated during the process and
// returns the amount of gas that was used in the process. If any of the
// transactions failed to execute due to insufficient gas it will return an error.
func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config) (types.Receipts, vm.Logs, *big.Int, error) {
var (
receipts types.Receipts
totalUsedGas = big.NewInt(0)
err error
header = block.Header()
allLogs vm.Logs
gp = new(GasPool).AddGas(block.GasLimit())
)
// Mutate the the block and state according to any hard-fork specs
if p.config.DAOForkSupport && p.config.DAOForkBlock != nil && p.config.DAOForkBlock.Cmp(block.Number()) == 0 {
ApplyDAOHardFork(statedb)
}
// Iterate over and process the individual transactions
for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
statedb.StartRecord(tx.Hash(), block.Hash(), i)
receipt, logs, _, err := ApplyTransaction(p.config, p.bc, gp, statedb, header, tx, totalUsedGas, cfg)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, totalUsedGas, err
}
receipts = append(receipts, receipt)
allLogs = append(allLogs, logs...)
}
AccumulateRewards(statedb, header, block.Uncles())
return receipts, allLogs, totalUsedGas, err
}
func (self *BlockProcessor) ApplyTransactions(gp GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, block *types.Block, txs types.Transactions, transientProcess bool) (types.Receipts, error) {
var (
receipts types.Receipts
totalUsedGas = big.NewInt(0)
err error
cumulativeSum = new(big.Int)
header = block.Header()
)
for i, tx := range txs {
statedb.StartRecord(tx.Hash(), block.Hash(), i)
receipt, txGas, err := self.ApplyTransaction(gp, statedb, header, tx, totalUsedGas, transientProcess)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if err != nil {
glog.V(logger.Core).Infoln("TX err:", err)
}
receipts = append(receipts, receipt)
cumulativeSum.Add(cumulativeSum, new(big.Int).Mul(txGas, tx.GasPrice()))
}
if block.GasUsed().Cmp(totalUsedGas) != 0 {
return nil, ValidationError(fmt.Sprintf("gas used error (%v / %v)", block.GasUsed(), totalUsedGas))
}
if transientProcess {
go self.eventMux.Post(PendingBlockEvent{block, statedb.Logs()})
}
return receipts, err
}
// insert injects a new head block into the current block chain. This method
// assumes that the block is indeed a true head. It will also reset the head
// header and the head fast sync block to this very same block if they are older
// or if they are on a different side chain.
//
// Note, this function assumes that the `mu` mutex is held!
func (bc *BlockChain) insert(block *types.Block) {
// If the block is on a side chain or an unknown one, force other heads onto it too
updateHeads := GetCanonicalHash(bc.chainDb, block.NumberU64()) != block.Hash()
// Add the block to the canonical chain number scheme and mark as the head
if err := WriteCanonicalHash(bc.chainDb, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64()); err != nil {
glog.Fatalf("failed to insert block number: %v", err)
}
if err := WriteHeadBlockHash(bc.chainDb, block.Hash()); err != nil {
glog.Fatalf("failed to insert head block hash: %v", err)
}
bc.currentBlock = block
// If the block is better than out head or is on a different chain, force update heads
if updateHeads {
if err := WriteHeadHeaderHash(bc.chainDb, block.Hash()); err != nil {
glog.Fatalf("failed to insert head header hash: %v", err)
}
bc.currentHeader = block.Header()
if err := WriteHeadFastBlockHash(bc.chainDb, block.Hash()); err != nil {
glog.Fatalf("failed to insert head fast block hash: %v", err)
}
bc.currentFastBlock = block
}
}
// ContractCall implements ContractCaller.ContractCall, executing the specified
// contract with the given input data.
func (b *SimulatedBackend) ContractCall(contract common.Address, data []byte, pending bool) ([]byte, error) {
// Create a copy of the current state db to screw around with
var (
block *types.Block
statedb *state.StateDB
)
if pending {
block, statedb = b.pendingBlock, b.pendingState.Copy()
} else {
block = b.blockchain.CurrentBlock()
statedb, _ = b.blockchain.State()
}
// Set infinite balance to the a fake caller account
from := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(common.Address{})
from.SetBalance(common.MaxBig)
// Assemble the call invocation to measure the gas usage
msg := callmsg{
from: from,
to: &contract,
gasPrice: new(big.Int),
gasLimit: common.MaxBig,
value: new(big.Int),
data: data,
}
// Execute the call and return
vmenv := core.NewEnv(statedb, b.blockchain, msg, block.Header(), nil)
gaspool := new(core.GasPool).AddGas(common.MaxBig)
out, _, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, gaspool)
return out, err
}
// returns the lowers possible price with which a tx was or could have been included
func (self *GasPriceOracle) lowestPrice(block *types.Block) *big.Int {
gasUsed := new(big.Int)
recepits, err := self.eth.BlockProcessor().GetBlockReceipts(block.Hash())
if err != nil {
return self.eth.GpoMinGasPrice
}
if len(recepits) > 0 {
gasUsed = recepits[len(recepits)-1].CumulativeGasUsed
}
if new(big.Int).Mul(gasUsed, big.NewInt(100)).Cmp(new(big.Int).Mul(block.Header().GasLimit,
big.NewInt(int64(self.eth.GpoFullBlockRatio)))) < 0 {
// block is not full, could have posted a tx with MinGasPrice
return self.eth.GpoMinGasPrice
}
if len(block.Transactions()) < 1 {
return self.eth.GpoMinGasPrice
}
// block is full, find smallest gasPrice
minPrice := block.Transactions()[0].GasPrice()
for i := 1; i < len(block.Transactions()); i++ {
price := block.Transactions()[i].GasPrice()
if price.Cmp(minPrice) < 0 {
minPrice = price
}
}
return minPrice
}
func CalculateTD(block, parent *types.Block) *big.Int {
if parent == nil {
return block.Difficulty()
}
td := new(big.Int).Add(parent.Td, block.Header().Difficulty)
return td
}
// WriteBlock serializes a block into the database, header and body separately.
func WriteBlock(db ethdb.Database, block *types.Block) error {
// Store the body first to retain database consistency
if err := WriteBody(db, block.Hash(), block.Body()); err != nil {
return err
}
// Store the header too, signaling full block ownership
if err := WriteHeader(db, block.Header()); err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func (sm *BlockProcessor) TransitionState(statedb *state.StateDB, parent, block *types.Block, transientProcess bool) (receipts types.Receipts, err error) {
coinbase := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(block.Header().Coinbase)
coinbase.SetGasPool(block.Header().GasLimit)
// Process the transactions on to parent state
receipts, err = sm.ApplyTransactions(coinbase, statedb, block, block.Transactions(), transientProcess)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return receipts, nil
}
func (sm *BlockProcessor) RetryProcess(block *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, err error) {
// Processing a blocks may never happen simultaneously
sm.mutex.Lock()
defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
header := block.Header()
if !sm.bc.HasBlock(header.ParentHash) {
return nil, ParentError(header.ParentHash)
}
parent := sm.bc.GetBlock(header.ParentHash)
return sm.processWithParent(block, parent)
}
// enqueue inserts a new block into the final delivery queue, waiting for pickup
// by the processor.
func (q *queue) enqueue(origin string, block *types.Block) error {
// If a requested block falls out of the range, the hash chain is invalid
index := int(int64(block.NumberU64()) - int64(q.blockOffset))
if index >= len(q.blockCache) || index < 0 {
return errInvalidChain
}
// Otherwise merge the block and mark the hash done
q.blockCache[index] = &Block{
RawBlock: block,
OriginPeer: origin,
}
q.blockPool[block.Header().Hash()] = block.NumberU64()
return nil
}
func (self *CpuAgent) mine(block *types.Block) {
glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("(re)started agent[%d]. mining...\n", self.index)
// Reset the channel
self.chMu.Lock()
self.quitCurrentOp = make(chan struct{}, 1)
self.chMu.Unlock()
// Mine
nonce, mixDigest := self.pow.Search(block, self.quitCurrentOp)
if nonce != 0 {
block.SetNonce(nonce)
block.Header().MixDigest = common.BytesToHash(mixDigest)
self.returnCh <- block
} else {
self.returnCh <- nil
}
}
func AccumulateRewards(statedb *state.StateDB, block *types.Block) {
reward := new(big.Int).Set(BlockReward)
for _, uncle := range block.Uncles() {
num := new(big.Int).Add(big.NewInt(8), uncle.Number)
num.Sub(num, block.Number())
r := new(big.Int)
r.Mul(BlockReward, num)
r.Div(r, big.NewInt(8))
statedb.AddBalance(uncle.Coinbase, r)
reward.Add(reward, new(big.Int).Div(BlockReward, big.NewInt(32)))
}
// Get the account associated with the coinbase
statedb.AddBalance(block.Header().Coinbase, reward)
}
// GetLogs returns the logs of the given block. This method is using a two step approach
// where it tries to get it from the (updated) method which gets them from the receipts or
// the depricated way by re-processing the block.
func (sm *BlockProcessor) GetLogs(block *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, err error) {
receipts, err := sm.GetBlockReceipts(block.Hash())
if err == nil && len(receipts) > 0 {
// coalesce logs
for _, receipt := range receipts {
logs = append(logs, receipt.Logs()...)
}
return
}
// TODO: remove backward compatibility
var (
parent = sm.bc.GetBlock(block.Header().ParentHash)
state = state.New(parent.Root(), sm.db)
)
sm.TransitionState(state, parent, block, true)
return state.Logs(), nil
}
func (sm *BlockProcessor) RetryProcess(block *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, err error) {
// Processing a blocks may never happen simultaneously
sm.mutex.Lock()
defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
header := block.Header()
if !sm.bc.HasBlock(header.ParentHash) {
return nil, ParentError(header.ParentHash)
}
parent := sm.bc.GetBlock(header.ParentHash)
// FIXME Change to full header validation. See #1225
errch := make(chan bool)
go func() { errch <- sm.Pow.Verify(block) }()
logs, err = sm.processWithParent(block, parent)
if !<-errch {
return nil, ValidationError("Block's nonce is invalid (= %x)", block.Nonce)
}
return logs, err
}
// ValidateBlock validates the given block's header and uncles and verifies the
// the block header's transaction and uncle roots.
//
// ValidateBlock does not validate the header's pow. The pow work validated
// separately so we can process them in parallel.
//
// ValidateBlock also validates and makes sure that any previous state (or present)
// state that might or might not be present is checked to make sure that fast
// sync has done it's job proper. This prevents the block validator form accepting
// false positives where a header is present but the state is not.
func (v *BlockValidator) ValidateBlock(block *types.Block) error {
if v.bc.HasBlock(block.Hash()) {
if _, err := state.New(block.Root(), v.bc.chainDb); err == nil {
return &KnownBlockError{block.Number(), block.Hash()}
}
}
parent := v.bc.GetBlock(block.ParentHash())
if parent == nil {
return ParentError(block.ParentHash())
}
if _, err := state.New(parent.Root(), v.bc.chainDb); err != nil {
return ParentError(block.ParentHash())
}
header := block.Header()
// validate the block header
if err := ValidateHeader(v.config, v.Pow, header, parent.Header(), false, false); err != nil {
return err
}
// verify the uncles are correctly rewarded
if err := v.VerifyUncles(block, parent); err != nil {
return err
}
// Verify UncleHash before running other uncle validations
unclesSha := types.CalcUncleHash(block.Uncles())
if unclesSha != header.UncleHash {
return fmt.Errorf("invalid uncles root hash. received=%x calculated=%x", header.UncleHash, unclesSha)
}
// The transactions Trie's root (R = (Tr [[i, RLP(T1)], [i, RLP(T2)], ... [n, RLP(Tn)]]))
// can be used by light clients to make sure they've received the correct Txs
txSha := types.DeriveSha(block.Transactions())
if txSha != header.TxHash {
return fmt.Errorf("invalid transaction root hash. received=%x calculated=%x", header.TxHash, txSha)
}
return nil
}
// Process processes the state changes according to the Ethereum rules by running
// the transaction messages using the statedb and applying any rewards to both
// the processor (coinbase) and any included uncles.
//
// Process returns the receipts and logs accumulated during the process and
// returns the amount of gas that was used in the process. If any of the
// transactions failed to execute due to insufficient gas it will return an error.
func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config) (types.Receipts, vm.Logs, *big.Int, error) {
var (
receipts types.Receipts
totalUsedGas = big.NewInt(0)
err error
header = block.Header()
allLogs vm.Logs
gp = new(GasPool).AddGas(block.GasLimit())
)
for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
statedb.StartRecord(tx.Hash(), block.Hash(), i)
receipt, logs, _, err := ApplyTransaction(p.config, p.bc, gp, statedb, header, tx, totalUsedGas, cfg)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, totalUsedGas, err
}
receipts = append(receipts, receipt)
allLogs = append(allLogs, logs...)
}
AccumulateRewards(statedb, header, block.Uncles())
return receipts, allLogs, totalUsedGas, err
}
// ValidateState validates the various changes that happen after a state
// transition, such as amount of used gas, the receipt roots and the state root
// itself. ValidateState returns a database batch if the validation was a success
// otherwise nil and an error is returned.
func (v *BlockValidator) ValidateState(block, parent *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, receipts types.Receipts, usedGas *big.Int) (err error) {
header := block.Header()
if block.GasUsed().Cmp(usedGas) != 0 {
return ValidationError(fmt.Sprintf("gas used error (%v / %v)", block.GasUsed(), usedGas))
}
// Validate the received block's bloom with the one derived from the generated receipts.
// For valid blocks this should always validate to true.
rbloom := types.CreateBloom(receipts)
if rbloom != header.Bloom {
return fmt.Errorf("unable to replicate block's bloom=%x vs calculated bloom=%x", header.Bloom, rbloom)
}
// Tre receipt Trie's root (R = (Tr [[H1, R1], ... [Hn, R1]]))
receiptSha := types.DeriveSha(receipts)
if receiptSha != header.ReceiptHash {
return fmt.Errorf("invalid receipt root hash. received=%x calculated=%x", header.ReceiptHash, receiptSha)
}
// Validate the state root against the received state root and throw
// an error if they don't match.
if root := statedb.IntermediateRoot(); header.Root != root {
return fmt.Errorf("invalid merkle root: header=%x computed=%x", header.Root, root)
}
return nil
}
func NewBlockRes(block *types.Block, fullTx bool) *BlockRes {
if block == nil {
return nil
}
res := new(BlockRes)
res.fullTx = fullTx
res.BlockNumber = newHexNum(block.Number())
res.BlockHash = newHexData(block.Hash())
res.ParentHash = newHexData(block.ParentHash())
res.Nonce = newHexData(block.Nonce())
res.Sha3Uncles = newHexData(block.Header().UncleHash)
res.LogsBloom = newHexData(block.Bloom())
res.TransactionRoot = newHexData(block.Header().TxHash)
res.StateRoot = newHexData(block.Root())
res.Miner = newHexData(block.Header().Coinbase)
res.Difficulty = newHexNum(block.Difficulty())
res.TotalDifficulty = newHexNum(block.Td)
res.Size = newHexNum(block.Size().Int64())
res.ExtraData = newHexData(block.Header().Extra)
res.GasLimit = newHexNum(block.GasLimit())
res.GasUsed = newHexNum(block.GasUsed())
res.UnixTimestamp = newHexNum(block.Time())
res.Transactions = make([]*TransactionRes, len(block.Transactions()))
for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
res.Transactions[i] = NewTransactionRes(tx)
res.Transactions[i].BlockHash = res.BlockHash
res.Transactions[i].BlockNumber = res.BlockNumber
res.Transactions[i].TxIndex = newHexNum(i)
}
res.Uncles = make([]*UncleRes, len(block.Uncles()))
for i, uncle := range block.Uncles() {
res.Uncles[i] = NewUncleRes(uncle)
}
return res
}
func (sm *BlockProcessor) GetLogs(block *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, err error) {
if !sm.bc.HasBlock(block.Header().ParentHash) {
return nil, ParentError(block.Header().ParentHash)
}
sm.lastAttemptedBlock = block
var (
parent = sm.bc.GetBlock(block.Header().ParentHash)
state = state.New(parent.Root(), sm.db)
)
sm.TransitionState(state, parent, block, true)
return state.Logs(), nil
}
// block time is fixed at 10 seconds
func newBlockFromParent(addr common.Address, parent *types.Block) *types.Block {
block := types.NewBlock(parent.Hash(), addr, parent.Root(), common.BigPow(2, 32), 0, nil)
block.SetUncles(nil)
block.SetTransactions(nil)
block.SetReceipts(nil)
header := block.Header()
header.Difficulty = CalcDifficulty(block.Header(), parent.Header())
header.Number = new(big.Int).Add(parent.Header().Number, common.Big1)
header.Time = parent.Header().Time + 10
header.GasLimit = CalcGasLimit(parent)
block.Td = parent.Td
return block
}
func (self *ChainManager) CalcTotalDiff(block *types.Block) (*big.Int, error) {
parent := self.GetBlock(block.Header().ParentHash)
if parent == nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unable to calculate total diff without known parent %x", block.Header().ParentHash)
}
parentTd := parent.Td
uncleDiff := new(big.Int)
for _, uncle := range block.Uncles() {
uncleDiff = uncleDiff.Add(uncleDiff, uncle.Difficulty)
}
td := new(big.Int)
td = td.Add(parentTd, uncleDiff)
td = td.Add(td, block.Header().Difficulty)
return td, nil
}
func (self *ImportMaster) importBlock(block *types.Block) {
blockHash := block.Header().Hash().Hex()
txAmount := uint64(len(block.Transactions()))
glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("Importing block", blockHash, "Hash with ", txAmount, "transactions")
extData := string(block.Header().Extra[:])
err := self.blockCollection.Insert(&Block{blockHash, block.ParentHash().Hex(), block.Header().UncleHash.Hex(), block.Header().Coinbase.Hex(), block.Header().Root.Hex(), block.Header().TxHash.Hex(), block.Header().ReceiptHash.Hex(), block.Header().Number.String(), block.Header().Difficulty.String(), block.Header().GasLimit.String(), block.Header().GasUsed.String(), block.Header().Time, txAmount, extData, string(block.Nonce()), block.Size().String(), block.Header().MixDigest.Hex(), false, nil})
if err != nil {
clilogger.Infoln(err)
}
result := Block{}
err = self.blockCollection.Find(bson.M{"block_hash": blockHash}).One(&result)
if err != nil {
utils.Fatalf("Could not find the block we just added, saving faild: %v", err)
}
for _, tx := range block.Transactions() {
self.importTx(tx, result.Id)
}
}
func (sm *BlockProcessor) processWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, err error) {
sm.lastAttemptedBlock = block
// Create a new state based on the parent's root (e.g., create copy)
state := state.New(parent.Root(), sm.db)
// Block validation
if err = sm.ValidateHeader(block.Header(), parent.Header()); err != nil {
return
}
// There can be at most two uncles
if len(block.Uncles()) > 2 {
return nil, ValidationError("Block can only contain one uncle (contained %v)", len(block.Uncles()))
}
receipts, err := sm.TransitionState(state, parent, block, false)
if err != nil {
return
}
header := block.Header()
// Validate the received block's bloom with the one derived from the generated receipts.
// For valid blocks this should always validate to true.
rbloom := types.CreateBloom(receipts)
if rbloom != header.Bloom {
err = fmt.Errorf("unable to replicate block's bloom=%x", rbloom)
return
}
// The transactions Trie's root (R = (Tr [[i, RLP(T1)], [i, RLP(T2)], ... [n, RLP(Tn)]]))
// can be used by light clients to make sure they've received the correct Txs
txSha := types.DeriveSha(block.Transactions())
if txSha != header.TxHash {
err = fmt.Errorf("invalid transaction root hash. received=%x calculated=%x", header.TxHash, txSha)
return
}
// Tre receipt Trie's root (R = (Tr [[H1, R1], ... [Hn, R1]]))
receiptSha := types.DeriveSha(receipts)
if receiptSha != header.ReceiptHash {
err = fmt.Errorf("invalid receipt root hash. received=%x calculated=%x", header.ReceiptHash, receiptSha)
return
}
// Verify UncleHash before running other uncle validations
unclesSha := block.CalculateUnclesHash()
if unclesSha != header.UncleHash {
err = fmt.Errorf("invalid uncles root hash. received=%x calculated=%x", header.UncleHash, unclesSha)
return
}
// Verify uncles
if err = sm.VerifyUncles(state, block, parent); err != nil {
return
}
// Accumulate static rewards; block reward, uncle's and uncle inclusion.
AccumulateRewards(state, block)
// Commit state objects/accounts to a temporary trie (does not save)
// used to calculate the state root.
state.Update()
if header.Root != state.Root() {
err = fmt.Errorf("invalid merkle root. received=%x got=%x", header.Root, state.Root())
return
}
// Calculate the td for this block
//td = CalculateTD(block, parent)
// Sync the current block's state to the database
state.Sync()
// Remove transactions from the pool
sm.txpool.RemoveTransactions(block.Transactions())
// This puts transactions in a extra db for rpc
for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
putTx(sm.extraDb, tx, block, uint64(i))
}
return state.Logs(), nil
}
func (sm *BlockProcessor) processWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, receipts types.Receipts, err error) {
// Create a new state based on the parent's root (e.g., create copy)
state := state.New(parent.Root(), sm.chainDb)
header := block.Header()
uncles := block.Uncles()
txs := block.Transactions()
// Block validation
if err = ValidateHeader(sm.Pow, header, parent.Header(), false, false); err != nil {
return
}
// There can be at most two uncles
if len(uncles) > 2 {
return nil, nil, ValidationError("Block can only contain maximum 2 uncles (contained %v)", len(uncles))
}
receipts, err = sm.TransitionState(state, parent, block, false)
if err != nil {
return
}
// Validate the received block's bloom with the one derived from the generated receipts.
// For valid blocks this should always validate to true.
rbloom := types.CreateBloom(receipts)
if rbloom != header.Bloom {
err = fmt.Errorf("unable to replicate block's bloom=%x", rbloom)
return
}
// The transactions Trie's root (R = (Tr [[i, RLP(T1)], [i, RLP(T2)], ... [n, RLP(Tn)]]))
// can be used by light clients to make sure they've received the correct Txs
txSha := types.DeriveSha(txs)
if txSha != header.TxHash {
err = fmt.Errorf("invalid transaction root hash. received=%x calculated=%x", header.TxHash, txSha)
return
}
// Tre receipt Trie's root (R = (Tr [[H1, R1], ... [Hn, R1]]))
receiptSha := types.DeriveSha(receipts)
if receiptSha != header.ReceiptHash {
err = fmt.Errorf("invalid receipt root hash. received=%x calculated=%x", header.ReceiptHash, receiptSha)
return
}
// Verify UncleHash before running other uncle validations
unclesSha := types.CalcUncleHash(uncles)
if unclesSha != header.UncleHash {
err = fmt.Errorf("invalid uncles root hash. received=%x calculated=%x", header.UncleHash, unclesSha)
return
}
// Verify uncles
if err = sm.VerifyUncles(state, block, parent); err != nil {
return
}
// Accumulate static rewards; block reward, uncle's and uncle inclusion.
AccumulateRewards(state, header, uncles)
// Commit state objects/accounts to a temporary trie (does not save)
// used to calculate the state root.
state.SyncObjects()
if header.Root != state.Root() {
err = fmt.Errorf("invalid merkle root. received=%x got=%x", header.Root, state.Root())
return
}
// Sync the current block's state to the database
state.Sync()
return state.Logs(), receipts, nil
}
func blockErr(block *types.Block, err error) {
h := block.Header()
glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("Bad block #%v (%x)\n", h.Number, h.Hash().Bytes())
glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln(err)
glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln(verifyNonces)
}
